Wednesday 31 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (29): Congo DR (NK)

Ebola -- DR Congo


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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (08): USA (MD), guidelines

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
Laurel Park canceled racing for Friday, Saturday, and Sunday [26-28 Mar 2021] after the Maryland Jockey Club was informed Thursday [25 Mar 2021] evening by Maryland State Veterinarian Dr. Michael Odian that a horse at Pimlico has tested positive for the equine herpesvirus (EHV-1). The horse had been isolated for 72 hours prior to the positive test. In a statement issued by the Maryland Jockey Club Friday afternoon [26 Mar 2021], the suspension of live racing at Laurel Park has now been

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (120): Russia, animal, vaccine

COVID-19 -- Russia
Russia has registered the world's 1st vaccine against COVID-19 for animals, the country's agriculture safety watchdog Rosselkhoznadzor said on Wednesday [31 Mar 2021].
Russia already has 3 coronavirus vaccines for humans, the most well-known of which is Sputnik V, named after Sputnik, the world's 1st satellite launched by the Soviet Union.
The vaccine for animals, developed by a unit of Rosselkhoznadzor, was named Carnivac-Cov, the watchdog said.
"The clinical trials of Carnivac-Cov,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Encephalitis, bear - USA: (NV, CA) novel circovirus

Encephalitis -- United States
Wildlife officials in California are worried about a strange ailment that appears to strip young bears of their fear of humans - and also is causing fatal brain inflammation. The mystery disease has shown up in Nevada and California, starting in 2014.
Dr. Brandon Munk, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Senior Wildlife Veterinarian spoke with CBS News about the mystery illness in bears: "Someone opened the trunk and it climbed in the trunk, and that is not normal

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - Canada (02): (ON) smoked fish, risk, recall

Botulism -- Canada
North Shore Specialty Foods is recalling Kolapore Springs smoked trout from the marketplace because it could permit the growth of _Clostridium botulinum_ bacteria, which can produce the toxin causing botulism. No illnesses have been reported to the company in connection with the consumption of this product.
The recalled products include Kolapore Springs Smoked Trout, sold in variable-size packages. The UPC number printed on the label is 6 27987 16383 4. All best-before dates are recalled,

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - Canada: (QC) walrus meat, risk, alert

Botulism -- Canada
During 1985-2005, a total of 91 laboratory-confirmed outbreaks of foodborne botulism occurred in Canada; these outbreaks involved 205 cases and 11 deaths. Of the outbreaks, 75 (86.2%) were caused by _Clostridium botulinum_ type E, followed by types A (7, (8.1%)) and B (5, (5.7%)). Approximately 85% of the outbreaks occurred in Alaska Native communities, particularly the Inuit of Nunavik in northern Quebec and the First Nations population of the Pacific coast of British Columbia. These

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (02): O157

E. coli -- United States
We investigated 2 outbreaks of an unusual gastrointestinal illness that affected at least 47 people in Oregon and Michigan in February through March and May through June 1982. The illness was characterized by severe crampy abdominal pain, initially watery diarrhea followed by grossly bloody diarrhea, and little or no fever. It was associated with eating at restaurants belonging to the same fast-food restaurant chain in Oregon (P less than 0.005) and Michigan (P = 0.0005) and with eating any of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (51): France (ND) wild bird, HPAI H5N1, OIE, 1st rep

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- France
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Started on: 17 Mar 2021
Confirmed on: 26 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: new strain in the country
Reported on: 27 Mar 2021
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N1
Nature of diagnosis: necropsy, laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak location: Dragey, Avranches,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Americas (06): Trinidad & Tobago

Yellow Fever -- Trinidad & Tobago
Citation: Hill SC, Sahadeo NSD, Gyan L, et al.: Genomic characterisation of sylvatic yellow fever virus epizootic in Trinidad. Virological.org. 2021.
Summary: A non-human primate (red howler monkey; _Alouatta seniculus_) was found positive for yellow fever virus (YFV) in Trinidad in February 2021. This represented the 1st detection of YFV in the country since 2009. Rapid sequencing of the virus genome at the University of the West Indies demonstrated that this outbreak was caused by a

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (119): Chile, indoor transmission risk, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 887 403 (13 997) / 31 471 (56)
European Region (61): 44 561 071 (162 778) / 961 435(3630)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 763 347 (66 932) / 218 604(453)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 475 714 (39 596) / 157 852 (482)
Region of the

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (118): animal, China, origin, WHO mission, report

COVID-19 -- China
From the very beginning of the pandemic WHO has stressed the need to understand the origin of the virus in order to better understand the emergence of new pathogens and possible exposures.
Throughout 2020, WHO continued to discuss with China and other Member States the need to study and share information around the virus origins.
The World Health Assembly resolution of May 2020, which was adopted by all Member States, cited "as part of the One-Health Approach to identify the zoonotic

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Tuesday 30 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Lassa fever - West Africa (05): Nigeria

Lassa Fever -- Nigeria
Key points:
Current week (11) (15-21 Mar 2021) / Cumulative 2021 week 1-11 / Cumulative 2020 week 1-11
Suspected cases: 136 / 1347 / 3735
Confirmed cases: 32 / 223 / 906
Probable cases: 0 / 2 / 11
Deaths: 4 / 46 / 161
Case fatality rate (CFR [%]): 12.5 / 20.6 / 17.8
Number of states affected: 8 /14 / 27
Local government areas (LGAs) affected: 16 / 50 / 123
Highlights
- In week 11, the number of new confirmed cases increased from 30 in week 10, 2021 to 32 cases. These were reported

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (117): transmission, diagnosis, Philippines, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Philippines
Wu P, Liu F, Chang Z, et al. Assessing asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021; ciab271,

Abstract
--------
"Background: The relative contributions of asymptomatic, pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 have not been clearly measured although control measures may differ in response to the risk of spread posed by different types of cases.
"Methods: We collected detailed information on

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PRO/AH/EDR> Announcements (02): OIE - WAHIS, new animal health data system

Not Yet Classified -- Worldwide/Unknown
"At a time when the world is facing an unprecedented pandemic, the importance of animal disease surveillance has become evident. To support countries maintaining global transparency and reporting matters of animal and public health, the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) launches the leading most technologically advanced reference platform for animal disease and veterinary capacities reporting - the World Animal Health Information System (OIE-WAHIS)".
Paris, [18 Mar 2021] "Since its

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - Viet Nam: (BI)

Botulism -- Vietnam
Miyashita S-I, Zhang J, Zhang S, Shoemaker CB and Dong M: Delivery of single-domain antibodies into neurons using a chimeric toxin-based platform is therapeutic in mouse models of botulism. Science Transl Med. 2021; 13(575): eaaz4197; DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4197
"Abstract:
--------
Efficient penetration of cell membranes and specific targeting of a cell type represent major challenges for developing therapeutics toward intracellular targets. One example facing these hurdles is to

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PRO/AH/EDR> Influenza (05): USA (NC) swine origin H1N1v

Influenza -- United States
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today [26 Mar 2021] reported a variant H1N1 (H1N1v) case, which involves a North Carolina resident who had daily contact with pigs.
In its weekly FluView report, the CDC said the patient's sample was collected in 2020, but H1N1v wasn't identified until 2021. Thus, the case marks the nation's 1st case for 2020.
An investigation found no instances of human-to-human transmission related to the case. The US reported its last H1N1v case in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rabbit hemorrhagic disease - USA: (ID) wild rabbit

Other Animal Disease -- United States
A devastating disease sometimes referred to as "rabbit Ebola" has been detected for the 1st time in Idaho, with state officials warning domestic rabbit owners to take precautions.
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease, or RHD, is an incredibly deadly disease that's easily spread among rabbits. It isn't known to affect humans, livestock, or other species of pets.
Two dead jackrabbits near the Boise Airport were confirmed to have tested positive for RHD Thursday night [25 Mar 2021] by the Foreign

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PRO/PL> Take-all, wheat - UK: research

Other Plant Disease -- United Kingdom
Considered the most damaging root disease of wheat worldwide, take-all control measures are limited. According to Rothamsted [Research Station] Dr Javier Palma-Guerrero, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of this disease.
"New sources of genetic resistance have been identified and are being transferred into wheat. And we now have a better understanding of the soil, rhizosphere and endosphere (plant interior) microbiomes and their association to different wheat

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (28): Guinea

Ebola -- Guinea
Wim Van Damme, a researcher and infectious disease expert at the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, who was not involved in the research, cautions that this method of transmission would be a very rare event. "There are more than 10 000 Ebola survivors in West Africa, and this is the 1st case, after 5 years," he said.
He added that while many people think the infection was most probably a case of sexual transmission. "That is not for sure because the virus can remain present in other

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PRO/EDR> Hand, foot & mouth disease update - Australia: (QL)

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease -- Australia
Queensland Health recently urged parents to watch out for hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) following dozens of cases that have been identified in the Far North.
There have been more than 60 presentations of HFMD to Cairns Hospital's Emergency Department during the 1st 2 months of the year [2021], including 9 patient admissions.
Tropical Public Health Services Cairns public health medical officer, Dr Annie Preston-Thomas, said the team was aware of at least 15 day-care centres affected by

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - Ireland: alert

E. coli -- Ireland
The Department of Public Health has reiterated the importance of hand hygiene, and effective well water treatment, following an outbreak of a powerful strain of _E. coli_. Public Health Mid West said it is presently managing an outbreak of enterohemorrhagic _E. coli_ (EHEC) of young children in a single setting. The bacterium can cause serious illness and also effects the elderly.
"We can confirm that it is currently under control, and we would like to reassure the public that these

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Monday 29 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (49): UK (England) poultry, HPAI H5N8

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- United Kingdom
Poultry at a Staffordshire chicken farm are set to be culled after bird flu was confirmed at the site.
A 10-km control zone has been set up around the farm north of Uttoxeter after the case was confirmed on Saturday [27 Mar 2021].
Specific rules around the housing and movement of birds and eggs apply in this area, and records must be kept of anyone entering sites where poultry is kept.
Extra rules apply to areas within 3 km of the affected farm.
A government spokesman said all the

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (116): Vaccine, Canada, variants, common cold, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Canada
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 859 851 (13 691) / 31 361 (49)
European Region (61): 44 181 716 (224 366) / 954 651(2526)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 619 886 (71 502) / 217 737 (554)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 392 128 (31 428) / 156 846 (424)
Region of the

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (07): Russia, Ukraine, domestic, OIE

African Swine Fever -- Russia
General information
Report type: immediate notification
Started on: 5 Mar 2021
Confirmed on: 12 Mar 2021
Reported on: 24 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence in a zone or a compartment
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: African swine fever virus
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
Outbreak location: Magadan, Magadan gorsovet, Maga Buryatdan [Magadan Oblast]
Date of start of the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (49): Cambodia (PY) conservation area, wild bird, HPAI H5N1

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Cambodia
The death of birds recently discovered in Tuolporn Taley Boeung Sne protected area in Prey Veng province's Ba Phnom district was a result of bird flu caused by influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1), officials confirmed.
Authorities have taken measures to stop the spread of infections but stopped short of ordering an evacuation of residents.
In a letter addressed to Minister of Environment Say Sam Al and seen by The Post on March 28 [2021], Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and

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Sunday 28 March 2021

PRO/PL> Powdery mildew, wheat - Australia: new strain, DMI fungicide resistance

Other Plant Disease -- Australia
New South Wales [NSW] and Victorian growers are urged to be on alert following confirmation that difficulties experienced in 2020 controlling wheat powdery mildew are linked to resistance of the pathogen to demethylase inhibitor (DMI, Group 3) fungicides. Fungicide resistance was detected at frequencies ranging from 50 to 100 per cent. This marks the 1st time that resistance in wheat powdery mildew to DMIs has been detected in Australia.
Researchers from the Fungicide Resistance Group at

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (115): CAPA, long COVID, Astra-Zeneca, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
----------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 845 990 (14 365) / 31 311 (99)
European Region (61): 43 948 445 (255 773) / 952 112 (3942)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 548 384 (71 708) / 217 183 (418)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 360 700 (38 751) / 156 422 (462)
Region of the Americas (54): 55 022 885 (222 213) / 1 325 048

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PRO/AH/EDR> Peste des petits ruminants - Algeria: (GL) goats, OIE

Peste des petits ruminants -- Algeria
General information
Report type: Immediate notification
Started on: 1 Feb 2021
Confirmed on: 2 Feb 2021
Reported on: 25 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 14 Mar 2020
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Peste des petits ruminants virus
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory
This event pertains to a zone of the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak 1: Oued

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Saturday 27 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Q fever - Spain: (PV) recurrent, waste treatment facility, RFI

Q Fever -- Spain
At least 3 cases of Q fever have been confirmed among workers at the Biological Mechanical Treatment (TMB) plant located in the Bilbao area of Artigas, as this newspaper has learned. Two of the 3 affected have been hospitalized for several days at Galdakao and Cruces Hospitals, and a 4th employee is waiting for their infection to be confirmed, according to worker sources.
The Occupational Health and Safety committee met yesterday [Thu 25 Mar 2021] with the company to explain the situation

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Mauritius (02): (RO) cattle, st O, conf, OIE

Foot and Mouth -- Mauritius
General information:
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 10 Mar 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 25 Mar 2021
Report date: 26 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: recurrence
Date of previous occurrence: 20 Oct 2016
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: foot-and-mouth disease virus
Serotype: O
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, necropsy, laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (114): vacc COVID survivors vs uninfected, flu shots, India, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 831 252 (12 933) / 31 212 (96)
European Region (61): 43 683 745 (270 451) / 948 065 (3471)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 476 676 (69 546) / 216 765 (392)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 321 949 (41 539) / 155 960 (512)
Region of the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Melioidosis - Australia: (QL)

Melioidosis -- Australia
A soil and water-borne disease has killed 2 people and forced 4 others into hospital intensive care this year [2021] in far north Queensland, as cases nearly double since 2020. There have been 17 cases of melioidosis, which is typically found in muddy waters, across the Cairns and Hinterland region since 1 Jan 2021.
Melioidosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease found in contaminated water and soil, with outbreaks documented following extreme weather events.
Far north Queenslanders

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PRO/AH/EDR> Tick-borne encephalitis - Czech Republic, 2020

Tick-borne disease -- Czech Republic
The number of Czechs infected by tick-borne encephalitis rose to 854 last year [2020], which was 80 more than in 2019 and the highest number since 2012, according to the data of the National Health Institute (SZU) released Thursday [25 Mar 2021]. The VZP general health insurance company says the interest in vaccination against encephalitis has been growing. The number of tick-borne encephalitis cases was increasing since 2015 when the SZU recorded 355 of them, but the figure more than doubled

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bovine tuberculosis - USA: (MI, SD) cattle

Bovine TB -- United States
The Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) is reporting a case of bovine tuberculosis (TB) confirmed to be present in a Cheboygan County beef herd, located in Michigan's Accredited Free Zone (AFZ). The case was found through routine surveillance testing, as required by the state's current Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). This is Michigan's 81st cattle herd to be identified with bovine TB since 1998.
"As with

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Friday 26 March 2021

PRO/EDR> Meningitis, meningococcal - Nigeria: (SO) susp, fatal, schoolchildren, RFI

Meningitis -- Nigeria
One student (name withheld, has died) was feared dead, while over 30 others were hospitalised from a suspected meningitis that hit Government Girls Secondary School (GGSS) Sokoto.
Confirming the incident, Sokoto State Director of Public Heath, Dr. Abdulrahaman Dantsoho, said they actually got the information, adding that they admitted, treated and discharged 30 students of the school. He, however, said no student died from their records, except the only lady that was reported dead before

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PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (05): Africa

Cholera -- Nigeria
The Osun State Police Command says at least 3 people have been confirmed dead in Ede area of the state after contracting cholera.
The spokesperson of the force, SP Yemisi Opalola, who disclosed this to reporters on Tuesday [23 Mar 2021] in Oshogbo, also denied rumors that they were killed by food poisoning. She said there was no truth in the allegation that the food was poisoned by some people, all beggars, in the Oke-Gada area of Ede. SP Yemisi said a preliminary police investigation

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (113): Africa, Yemen, schools, remdesivir, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 818 355 (11 116) / 31 116 (82)
European Region (61): 43 403 111 (256 686) / 944 129 (3706)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 407 130 (62 949) / 216 373 (395)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 280 410 (37 424) / 155 448 (453)
Region of the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies (06): Eurasia, Armenia (KT) dog, OIE

Rabies -- Armenia
Report type: immediate notification
Started on: 12 Feb 2021
Confirmed on: 12 Feb 2021
Reported on: 22 Mar 2021
Ended on: 15 Feb 2021
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Last occurrence: 8 May 2020
Causal agent: rabies virus
Serotype: other
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory (basic)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak location: commercial organization,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Strangles - North America (03): USA (FL) horse

Strangles -- United States
A pony at a boarding facility in Martin County, Florida, was the 11th confirmed equine strangles case reported in Florida so far this year [2021]. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services reported a confirmed case of equine strangles at a boarding facility in Martin County.
A 6-year-old pony had onset of clinical signs on [19 Mar 2021], including swollen lymph nodes. The pony was confirmed positive on [23 Mar 2021]. The unvaccinated pony is affected and alive.
A total

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Thursday 25 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (48): Netherlands, Austria, wild bird, HPAI H5N4, H5, OIE

Avian Influenza -- Netherlands
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Started on: 4 Mar 2021
Confirmed on: 4 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: new strain in the country
Reported on: 19 Mar 2021
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N4
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Outbreak location 1: Harlingen, Friesland
Started on: 4 Mar 2021
Epidemiological

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (112): new double mutation variants, AstraZeneca, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 807 245 (9620) / 31 034 (81)
European Region (61): 43 099 204 (207 424) / 939 941 (3944)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 344 181 (56 811) / 215 978 (448)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 235 154 (35 606) / 154 875 (493)
Region of the

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Asia (08): China (XJ) domestic, spread

African Swine Fever -- China
China reported an outbreak of African swine fever [ASF] in Xinjiang region, the agriculture ministry said on Wednesday [24 Mar 2021].
The outbreak occurred on a farm in Yili prefecture with 466 pigs, and 280 pigs died, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said in a statement, adding that the remaining pigs had been culled.
[Byline: Min Zhang and Shivani Singh]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED

[Yili (Ili), an autonomous prefecture for Kazakh people, is one of 5 autonomous

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PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed deaths, elephant - Botswana: (Moremi Game Reserve) toxic algae susp

Algae -- Botswana
Dozens of elephants have died under mysterious circumstances in Botswana months after hundreds were killed by ingesting toxic microorganisms.
Preliminary investigations into the fresh wave of deaths have ruled out anthrax and bacterial infections, the environment ministry said on Wednesday [24 Mar 2021] as the death toll this year rose to 39.
The Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism also ruled out suspicions of poaching as the tusks of the elephants in the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (27): Congo DR, USA

Ebola -- DR Congo
When the Democratic Republic of Congo's largest-ever outbreak of Ebola first emerged in the north-east of the country in 2018, it appeared that it would remain small and relatively isolated.
A government that had successfully contained 9 previous outbreaks since Ebola was first identified in the country in 1976, first looked set to beat back the one which erupted in North Kivu province.
Having just successfully declared an end to an outbreak in the north-western Equateur province after

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (04): China (GX) H5N6, fatal

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- China
Hong Kong health officials are monitoring a human case of avian influenza A(H5N6) in Guangxi in southern China. The case involved a 50-year-old man living in Hechi in Guangxi. He developed symptoms on [16 Feb 2021] and was admitted for treatment on [17 Feb 2021] due to severe pneumonia. The patient passed away on [2 Mar 2021].
From 2014 to date, 30 human cases of avian influenza A(H5N6) have been reported by China mainland health authorities.
Avian influenza is caused by those influenza

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Wednesday 24 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Tula hantavirus - Germany (HH)

Hantavirus -- Germany
If one of the 4 novel hantaviruses recently found in Turkey, namely Tula hantavirus (TULV) Palandoken indeed causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), as mentioned in the statement of Professor Mehmet Ali Oktem of Dokuz Eylul University's Medical Virology Department, this would be highly interesting, because the pathogenicity of TULV is still a matter of debate.
The recent confirmation by RT-PCR of a TULV-induced HFRS case in France [1], confirms the pathogenicity of this

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PRO/PL> Blast disease, wheat - global epidemiology

Other Plant Disease -- Worldwide/Unknown
Wheat blast was originally detected in Brazil in 1985. In 2016, the 1st wheat blast beyond South America hit Bangladesh [ProMED post https://bit.ly/23iPX78]. Less than 2 years later, Zambia was struck by the 1st wheat blast in Africa [ProMED post https://bit.ly/3rl8O40]. Until now, there has been no confirmation if the same pathogen strain had spread to all 3 continents or if these [outbreaks] were caused by endemic pathogens spreading from other grass

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (111): protease inhibitor, long COVID, surge, neut Ab, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
"Objective: Most SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals never require hospitalization. However, some develop prolonged symptoms. We sought to characterize the spectrum of neurologic manifestations in non‐hospitalized COVID‐19 'long haulers'.
"Methods: This is a prospective study of the first 100 consecutive patients (50 SARS‐CoV‐2 laboratory‐positive and 50 laboratory‐negative individuals) presenting to our Neuro‐COVID‐19 clinic between May and November 2020. Due to early

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PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed deaths, pig - China: (NM) RFI

Undiagnosed -- China
Chinese authorities are investigating scores of dead pigs found along a section of the Yellow River, according to a state-backed media report, turning the spotlight back on food and water safety in the country.
Dozens of pig carcasses were discovered in the Inner Mongolia section of the country's 2nd-longest river, and some were rotting in the water, according to Banyuetan, a magazine run by state news agency Xinhua. Local authorities are investigating the source of the pigs and checking if

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Tuesday 23 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (110): vaccines, neutralizing antibody, P1 variant, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- United Kingdom
Late Monday [22 Mar 2021], the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) notified NIAID, BARDA [Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority], and AstraZeneca that it was concerned by information released by AstraZeneca on initial data from its COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial.
The DSMB expressed concern that AstraZeneca may have included outdated information from that trial, which may have provided an incomplete view of the efficacy data.
We urge the company to work with the DSMB

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PRO/EDR> Vibrio parahaemolyticus - New Zealand: mussels

Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- New Zealand
Two people are sick in New Zealand with food poisoning after eating mussels. New Zealand Food Safety warned consumers to thoroughly cook mussels before eating after the duo became ill in the Nelson-Tasman region.
_Vibrio parahaemolyticus_ are bacteria in mussels that may cause food poisoning if they're not properly cooked or if they are intentionally eaten raw. People with low immunity, those who are pregnant or elderly should avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish as illness can be more

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - Denmark (02): company dinner, jarred fish roe

Botulism -- Denmark
A product considered to be an alternative to caviar has been linked to a botulism outbreak in Denmark. The incident occurred after 6 people ate together at a company in early March 2021 in Southern Denmark. A total of 3 were hospitalized because of botulism and 2 other people reported mild symptoms.
Agustson A/S, the producer, has recalled red fish roe because of a risk that some pots from the batch could contain toxins produced by _Clostridium botulinum_. The Statens Serum Institut (SSI)

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PRO/AH/EDR> Campylobacteriosis, Cryptosporidiosis - Norway: farm, unpasteurized milk

Foodborne Illness -- Norway
"In the context of the prevailing trend toward more natural products, there seems to be an increasing preference for raw milk consumption as raw milk is associated with several perceived health benefits that are believed to be destroyed upon heating. However, many human pathogens can be isolated from raw cow milk. The prevalence of foodborne pathogens in raw cow milk varies, but their presence has been demonstrated in many surveys and foodborne infections have been repeatedly reported for

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yersiniosis - Sweden: imported iceberg lettuce, restaurant chain

Foodborne Illness -- Sweden
An outbreak of _Yersinia_ in Sweden has ended with iceberg lettuce as the suspected source of infection. From January until the beginning of February 2021, twice as many people fell ill with _Yersinia_ infection as did during the same period in a normal year.
From 53 cases of _Y. enterocolitica_, 33 lived in Stockholm, Vastra Gotaland, and Halland. Isolates from 24 of these cases were typed by whole genome sequencing and 16 outbreak patients with clustered isolates of sequence type 18 could

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (109): animal, Argentina, Italy, cat, dog, OIE

COVID-19 -- Argentina
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Start on: 26 Dec 2020
Confirmed on: 10 Feb 2021
Ended on: 30 Jan 2021
Reported on: 18 Mar 2021
Event status: ongoing
Reason for notification: emerging disease
Event morbidity (%): 1
Event mortality: -
Zoonotic potential: no
Diagnostic details: laboratory test
Causal agent: SARS-CoV-2
New outbreaks (4)
Outbreak location 1: Capital, Santiago del Estero
Started on: 16 Jan 2021
Ended on: 30 Jan 2021
Epidemiological unit: other
Total

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PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed neurological illness - Canada: (NB) fatal, RFI

Undiagnosed -- Canada
News last week [week of 15 Mar 2021] that a cluster of cases of an unknown neurological disease has been found in New Brunswick immediately had residents of several communities on edge.
First diagnosed in 2015, according to a Public Health memo sent this month [March 2021] to medical professionals, the disease appears to be concentrated in the Acadian Peninsula in northeast New Brunswick and the Moncton region in the southeast. 3 cases have been identified, and 5 people have

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Monday 22 March 2021

PRO/PL> Undiagnosed leaf curl & wilt, capsicum - India: (OR)

Undiagnosed -- India
Recently, farmers have undertaken capsicum cultivation in the area. However, leaf curling and wilting disease has suddenly affected the capsicum, [a] farmer said.
Farm scientists held the farmers responsible for the disease. They said [they] could prevent the disease by treatment of the soil, seeds and saplings before cultivation. [An] agriculture scientist of Krushi Vigyan Kendra [agricultural extension centre] visited farmers. He said [they] could use neem cake powder or _Trichoderma

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PRO/AH> African swine fever - Europe (06): Poland (LB) domestic pig, commercial farm

African Swine Fever -- Poland
Poland, for the 1st time this year [2021], confirmed an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs.
The Veterinary Authority confirmed the outbreak on a farm in the Swiebodzin district of the Lubusz Voivodeship, just about 60 km [37.3 mi] from the German-Polish border. The direct distance to Frankfurt an der Oder is about 80 km [49.7 mi]. A breeding sow herd with almost 16 000 animals is affected. This is the 2nd largest outbreak since ASF was 1st detected in Poland in 2014.

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Asia (07): Malaysia (SA) wild porcine, spread

African Swine Fever -- Malaysia
The African swine fever (ASF) virus has now spread widely among the vulnerable Bornean bearded pigs with at least 128 confirmed deaths.
Deputy Chief Minister Datuk Seri Panglima Dr Jeffrey Kitingan in a statement here today [Wed 17 Mar 2021] said the government fears for the survival of the species, especially because the population of the Bornean bearded pigs is already declining.
"I am concerned the ASF will further decrease their population at a much faster rate," he

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (47): Europe, wild bird, HPAI H5, H5N5, OIE

Avian Influenza -- Czech Republic
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 4 Mar 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 11 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: Recurrence
Date of previous occurrence: 3 Apr 2017
Reported on: 18 Mar 2021
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total

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PRO/AH/EDR> Murray Valley/Kunjin viruses - Australia: (NT) susp

Japanese Encephalitis -- Australia
NT (Northern Territory) Health has issued a warning about mosquito borne diseases in the Top End following a fatal case of a mosquito-borne encephalitis presentation on the Tiwi Islands.
While the specific mosquito-borne virus responsible remains unknown at this time, it is considered to most likely be Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus or Kunjin virus.
MVE is a rare disease, but can be fatal. The symptoms can include severe headache, high fever, drowsiness, tremor, seizures

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (108): vaccines, nanopart., Europe, S Africa, AstraZeneca, WHO

COVID-19 -- United Kingdom
As the international effort to vaccinate the population against COVID-19 gathers pace, the demand for vaccine doses that can be used in all countries and climates is enormous. Researchers from Cleveland Clinic [Ohio, USA] and Chungbuk National University [Cheongju, South Korea] have described a new vaccine candidate that triggers an immune response using antigens attached to nanoparticles, potentially bypassing the need for cold storage during delivery. They report their findings in mBio [see

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Sunday 21 March 2021

PRO/EDR> Foodborne illness - India (04): (TG) medical college

Foodborne Illness -- India
An entire hostel of the Osmania Medical College, including 19 students who were admitted to the Gandhi Hospital on Mon 15 Mar 2021, have been affected by food poisoning. Other than the 19 students who were rushed to the hospital with severe symptoms, at least 50 others were being treated for mild symptoms.
The incident came to light when Osmania Medical College Student Council head Sai Surender, a final year MBBS student, reported to the principal that several residents of the boys' hostel

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (107): variants, Olympics, India, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- India
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
-----------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 763 132 (10 867) / 30 782 (52)
European Region (61): 42 260 060 (191 869) / 926 375 (2868)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 130 838 (49 878) / 214 459 (410)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 091 557 (38 123) / 152 988 (477)
Region of the Americas (54): 53 731 830 (195 428) / 1 293 491

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Saturday 20 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Scrapie, sheep - Iceland: (NV) OIE

Scrapie -- Iceland
General information:
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 15 Feb 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 25 Feb 2021
Report date: 16 Mar 2021 [published OIE WAHIS database on 18 Mar 2021. - Mod.CRD]
Reason for notification: recurrence
Date of previous occurrence: 27 Jan 2021
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: prion
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - Denmark: company dinner

Botulism -- Denmark
Three confirmed cases of foodborne botulism are being investigated in Denmark. The outbreak occurred earlier this month [March 2021] at a private company in southern Denmark. Six people had eaten together, and 3 initially developed symptoms; 2 other people have since shown signs of being affected. Fodevarestyrelsen (the Danish Veterinary and Food Administration), the National Food Institute (DTU- Food), and Statens Serum Institut are trying to identify the source of infection.
Following a

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st. Hadar - USA: FDA, turkey products

Salmonella -- United States
Federal officials are investigating a new multi-state foodborne illness outbreak with turkey products identified as the likely source. In a 4-word listing on its outbreak investigation table, the USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service revealed the outbreak: "_Salmonella_ Hadar, turkey suspect." A spokesman for the FSIS told Food Safety News this afternoon [Thu 18 Mar 2021] that additional details would have to come from the CDC.
A spokeswoman from the CDC confirmed that the agency is

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PRO/AH/EDR> Plague - Madagascar: bubonic

Plague -- Madagascar
From 1 Jan 2021-11 Mar 2021, at least 21 confirmed cases of bubonic plague have been confirmed in Madagascar; 8 of these cases were reported since 1 Mar 2021 in Amoron'i Mania (Ambositra and Manandriana). Since the start of the year [2021], 37 suspected cases have been reported, affecting multiple regions, including Alaotra-Mangoro, Analamanga, Haute Matsiatra, and Itasy. Roughly 9 deaths have been associated with this disease activity. This represents the most complete data available as of 12

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (46): Niger (NI) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Niger
General information
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 12 Mar 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 15 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 19 Sep 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N1
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Outbreak

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PRO/EDR> Foodborne illness - Madagascar: sea turtle meat, fatal

Foodborne Illness -- Madagascar
In December 1994, a mass food poisoning through ingestion of turtle affected about 60 persons on the northeastern coast of Madagascar. The prevailing clinical signs were digestive (nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, acute stomatitis) and might persist during several weeks. The poisoning attack rate was 48% with a lethality of 7.7%. Such [an] accident, even if rare in Madagascar, requires a structured organization to control sea products poisoning and to set up adequate prevention measures.
Turtle

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (106): 3rd wave, variants, AstraZeneca, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 752 133 (8777) / 30 730 (67)
European Region (61): 42 058 698 (233 900) / 923 427 (3316)
South East Asia Region (10): 14 080 960 (49 211) / 214 049 (402)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 7 053 434 (40 309) / 152 511 (484)
Region of the

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Friday 19 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (105): long COVID, variants, T Cell resp, S Asia, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
Abstract
---------
Objective
To characterize the symptom profile and time course in patients with long COVID, along with the impact on daily life, work, and return to baseline health.
Design
International web-based survey of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases with illness lasting over 28 days and onset prior to June 2020.
Setting
Survey distribution via online COVID-19 support groups and social media
Participants
3762 respondents from 56 countries completed the survey. 1166

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PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed deaths - Nigeria (02): (KN) flavored drink, chem poisoning, RFI

Undiagnosed -- Nigeria
The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) has revealed the strange disease in Kano is caused by dansami food poisoning.
NAFDAC director-general, Mojisola Adeyeye, disclosed this in an interview with Channels Television on Wednesday [17 Mar 2021].
Before now, it was reported an outbreak of a strange infection had led to the death of 2 persons and the hospitalisation of 183 others in the state.
The state ministry of health confirmed the affected patients

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Thursday 18 March 2021

PRO/PL> Clubroot, oilseed rape - Canada: new strains

Other Plant Disease -- Canada
Nine new strains of clubroot [of] canola have been discovered in Western Canada. [This] shows how important it is to build a multi-pronged strategy for protecting crops, not relying solely on canola bred to resist the disease, said University of Alberta's Keisha Hollman. The new pathogens in canola across Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba [found] in 2017 and 2018 mean resistance breakdown, first discovered in 2013 [ProMED post https://bit.ly/2HQMf1m], is growing.
The

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PRO/PL> Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus - France: 1st rep

Other Plant Disease -- France
_Lettuce necrotic leaf curl virus_ (LNLCV, genus _Torradovirus_, family Secoviridae) has so far only been reported in the Netherlands in open field lettuce. It was the 1st torradovirus described from non-tomato host and, contrary to whitefly-transmitted tomato[-infecting] torradoviruses, aphids are its natural vectors.
In October 2019, a symptomatic lettuce (JG3, cv. "Tregoney") was collected in an open field in southwestern France. Symptoms included stunted and deformed leaves with light

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PRO/EDR> COVID-19 update (104): surge, Europe, variants, vaccines, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Bosnia and Herzegovina
The B.1.1.7 variant is very likely to cause more severe illness than pre-existing SARS-CoV-2 variants, according to new research published in Nature (1) reference below].
The research team at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine analysed the results of more than 2 million COVID-19 community tests in England between November 2020 and February 2021.
Linking the test results to a comprehensive database of COVID-19 deaths, they estimated that B.1.1.7 infection was associated with

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (26): Congo DR (NK) Guinea

Ebola -- Guinea
Since the last brief (9 Mar 2021), 1 new probable case, 2 new deaths, and 4 new recoveries of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) and Guinea. Cumulatively, 30 EVD cases, 15 deaths (CFR: 50%), and 8 recoveries have been reported from DR Congo (12 cases; 6 deaths; 2 recoveries) and Guinea (18; 9; 6). 7 healthcare workers are amongst the confirmed cases: DR Congo (2) and Guinea (5).
- DR Congo updates: Since the last brief, 1 new

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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (07): USA, horse

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
The discovery of equine herpesvirus EHV-1 at Laurel Park has forced travel restrictions on horses at Pimlico Race Course and Laurel Park.
"Effective immediately: No horses are allowed to ship out of Laurel or Pimlico, with the exception of Pimlico horses entered to run at Laurel," the Maryland Jockey Club tweeted Tuesday [9 Mar 2021] afternoon.
The Maryland Thoroughbred Horsemen's Association hosted a Zoom Q&A session Tuesday [9 Mar 2021] to discuss the situation with Maryland Department

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Wednesday 17 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Equine rhinopneumonitis - Spain (05): (VC) EHV-1, horse, intl spread, Germany, Belgium

Equine Herpes Virus -- Spain
Already 12 horses died because of the EHV-1 outbreak in Valencia. According to the latest FEI updates, 8 horses are German.
Three German horses died in Valencia. In Germany, another 4 horses died, related to the EHV-1 outbreak in Valencia.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED from HealthMap Alerts

******
[2]
Date: Wed 17 Mar 2021
Source: Horsetalk [edited]

The official toll of the European EHV-1 outbreak is now 17, with the deaths of 3 more horses in Germany, 2 in Belgium, and an

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Libya

Leishmaniasis -- Libya
The Libya Health Ministry says that the country has seen some 5000 cases of the parasitic disease leishmaniasis in the past 6 months, according to a media account.
"There are currently 5000 patients who are being treated," said Ahmad al-Qarari, who heads the centre for disease control at the health ministry of Libya's UN-backed unity government.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED

[We assume that these are cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). CL is caused by the protozoan _Leishmania_

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (103): variants, Papua New Guinea, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Brazil
The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Brazil was mainly driven by the B.1.1.28 and B.1.1.33 lineages that likely emerged in February 2020 before becoming the dominant variants in most regions by October 2020.
Since then, genomic studies revealed the emergence of 2 rapidly spreading variants (P.1 and P.2) within the B.1.1.28 lineage that harbor mutations in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein.
Lineage P.1, which was first described in January 2020, is considered a variant of concern

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (45): UK, Croatia, seal, fox, wild bird, HPAI H5N8, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- United Kingdom
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 21 Nov 2020
Date of confirmation of the event: 26 Jan 2021
Ended on: 12 Feb 2021
Reason for notification: unusual host species
Reported on: 15 Mar 2021
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N8
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - USA (03): (CO) sporadic foodborne cases

Botulism -- United States
The [COVID-19] pandemic brought a rise in home canning and food preservation as evidenced by a scarcity of canning supplies on store shelves and from online retailers, perhaps driven by a bountiful harvest by those who planted home gardens in the spring during the early lockdown period.
The Journal-Advocate reports improperly canned food is behind at least some of the several cases of confirmed and suspected foodborne botulism that the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

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Tuesday 16 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (102): China, origin, farmed wild animals susp.

COVID-19 -- China
A member of the World Health Organization [WHO] investigative team says wildlife farms in southern China are the most likely source of the COVID-19 pandemic.
China shut down those wildlife farms in February 2020, says Peter Daszak, a disease ecologist with EcoHealth Alliance and a member of the WHO delegation that traveled to China this year [2021]. During that trip, Daszak says, the WHO team found new evidence that these wildlife farms were supplying vendors at the Huanan Seafood Wholesale

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (101): USA, UK variant, animals

COVID-19 -- United States
The United Kingdom variant (B.1.1.7) of SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has been detected for the 1st time in a dog and a cat from the same household in Brazos County, Texas as part of a study led by researchers at Texas A&M University.
The 1st reported finding of the B.1.1.7 human variant virus in any animal worldwide, this detection of the UK variant in animals in a natural household setting reinforces the importance of having procedures in place to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 viral

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PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed disease - Nigeria: fatalities, RFI

Undiagnosed -- Nigeria
At least 3 people died, and over 183 were hospitalized in the northwestern city of Kano after taking expired and poisonous fruit drinks, officials said Tue 16 Mar 2021.
The Kano State commissioner for health, Dr. Aminu Ibrahim Tsanyawa, said the outbreak has spread to about 13 local government areas.
Speaking to reporters, Tsanyawa said the incident occurred when the patients took expired citric acid powdered drinks. He said the outbreak affected 284 people, adding 101 have been

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PRO/EDR> Legionellosis - USA (03): (NJ) fatal

Legionnaires' -- United States
The New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) is investigating a cluster of Legionnaires' disease cases in Union County. The Department is aware of 14 confirmed cases of Legionnaires' disease, including one death, among individuals who live in or spend time in the county.
The cases were reported to the Department between [3 Feb and 26 Feb 2021]. The Department is working with the local health departments in Union County to investigate this cluster. The individual who died was a male resident

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (44): Hungary, Taiwan, wild bird, H5N8, H5N5, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Hungary
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 1 Mar 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 7 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 22 Dec 2020
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N8
Nature of diagnosis: Laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to a defined zone within the country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of

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PRO/ALL> New in IJID (03): March 2021

Not Yet Classified -- Worldwide/Unknown
Editorial
---------
COVID-19 vaccines under the International Health Regulations -- We must use the WHO International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis
Eskild Petersen, Daniel Lucey, Lucille Blumberg, Laura D. Kramer, Seif Al-Abri, et al.
IJID 2021;104:175-7

Perspectives
------------
Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the COVID-19 era: Perspective from resource-limited settings.
Mentor Ali Ber Lucien, Michael F. Canarie, Paul E. Kilgore, et al.
IJID

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (100): antibodies, vaccine, Thailand, Cambodia, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Thailand
But uptake by patients and physicians has been low in the United States, where some therapies have been authorized for months.
Two clinical trials suggest that specific antibody treatments can prevent deaths and hospitalizations among people with mild or moderate COVID-19 -- particularly those who are at high risk of developing severe disease.
One study found that an antibody against the coronavirus developed by Vir Biotechnology in San Francisco, California, and GSK, headquartered in

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PRO/PL> Rapid decline, apple - USA

Other Plant Disease -- United States
Since 2013, a condition now named rapid apple decline (RAD) for its sudden onset has caused apple trees to quickly deteriorate and die across North America. Researchers at Cornell AgriTech teamed up to explore potential causes of RAD, such as pathogens, insects, cold weather injury, and root system interactions. While their findings revealed no direct above-ground causes, they noticed that a weaker root system could potentially contribute to the decline.
"So very little is known about the

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Monday 15 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (99): China, animal reservoir, wildlife sale, pork supply impact

COVID-19, African Swine Fever -- China
An outbreak of a deadly pig disease may have set the stage for Covid-19 to take hold in humans, a new analysis has suggested. African swine fever (ASF), which 1st swept through China in 2018, disrupted pork supplies, increasing the potential for human-virus contact as people sought out alternative meats.
Pork is the main meat source in the Chinese diet. The ASF outbreak had spread across most of China by the 4th quarter of 2019.
The dramatic drop in pork supply, after restrictions on

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PRO/EDR> Measles update (05): Pakistan (SD), Americas, US

Measles -- Pakistan
Situation Summary
In 2021, between epidemiological week (EW)1 and EW 6, one country and one territory in the Region of the Americas have reported confirmed cases of measles: Brazil with 54 confirmed cases and French Guiana with 2 confirmed cases. Currently, only Brazil is reporting active outbreaks of measles, this event constitutes a hazard for other countries and territories in the Region of the Americas.
In 2020, a total of 9 countries in the Region of the Americas have reported a

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PRO/PL> Black spot, citrus - Europe ex China, intercepts

Other Plant Disease -- China
The EU had rejected a total of 30 shipments of citrus fruits from 3rd countries in January and February [2021] because they contained pests. All of these shipments came from Tunisia (18) and China (12). Citrus detections entering from China contained, among other harmful pests, _Phyllosticta citricarpa_ fungus [citrus black spot] or fruit flies. Harmful organisms detected from Tunisia were mealybugs. However, it should be noted [that] Tunisia has detected the presence of Citrus Black Spot in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Americas (05): Brazil (SC) human, monkey

Yellow Fever -- Brazil
In addition to the zoonotic [monkey] cases, now there are 2 confirmed human cases of yellow fever. The 1st was registered in January [2021], who was a 40 year resident of Taio in the region of Alto Vale do Itajai. The 2nd was confirmed in March [2021], a 62-year-old man, resident of Aguas Mornas, in Grande Florianopolis. Neither had registration of yellow fever vaccination.
Yellow fever is an acute infectious disease. The principal symptoms are abrupt febrile onset, chills, intense

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (98): transmission, long COVID, vaccine reactions, WHO, global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
Abstract
--------
In 2019-2020, the COVID-19 pandemic spread to over 200 countries in less than 6 months. To understand the basis of this aggressive spread, it is essential to determine the transmission rate and define the factors that increase the risk of transmission. One complication is the large fraction of asymptomatic cases, particularly in young populations: these individuals have viral loads indistinguishable from symptomatic people and do transmit the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but they

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Sunday 14 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (43): Kuwait (JA) HPAI, poultry, H5N8, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Kuwait
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 7 Mar 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 8 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 8 Nov 2020
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic influenza A virus
Serotype: H5N8
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory, necropsy
This event pertains to the whole country.
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks
Total outbreaks:

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PRO/AH> Cutaneous & renal glomerular vasculopathy, canine - UK (02): (England) dog

Other Animal Disease -- United Kingdom
Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists confirmed today [Wed 10 Mar 2021] that there have been another 3 positive cases of the deadly disease in the UK. This includes a case in Knaresborough.
A spokesperson said: "Unfortunately, we have to confirm a further 3 cases of Alabama Rot, also known as CRGV (cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy). The cases were from Preston (Lancashire), Knaresborough (N.Yorkshire) and Poole (Dorset). In total, the UK has now seen 271 confirmed cases with 20

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PRO/AH> Foot & mouth disease - Mauritius: (RO) bovine, susp. RFI

Foot and Mouth -- Mauritius
The veterinary service of the Ministry of Agro-Industry was notified of a suspected case of foot and mouth disease [FMD] in Rodrigues yesterday [Wed 10 Mar 2021] by the Agriculture Commission.
Samples taken for analysis will be sent to the ANSES laboratory in France, thanks to the support and logistical facilitation of the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC).
The International Organization of Epizootics (OIE) has also been notified of this suspected case. As a precautionary measure, no

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (97): testing, contact tracing, variants, immunity, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
Background
Sensitive molecular diagnostics and correct test interpretation are crucial for accurate COVID-19 diagnosis and thereby essential for good clinical practice. Furthermore, they are a key factor in outbreak control where active case finding in combination with isolation and contact tracing are crucial.
Aim
With the objective to inform the public health and laboratory responses to the pandemic, we reviewed current published knowledge on the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 infection as

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PRO/AH/EDR> Canine distemper, wildlife - USA: (VA) raccoon, alert

Canine distemper -- United States
Six raccoons picked up by Arlington County Animal Control in North Arlington in recent weeks have tested positive for canine distemper, the county said Thursday [11 Mar 2021].
Five of the raccoons were removed from various neighborhoods in North Arlington over a 3 week period after showing neurological signs and symptoms, according to Animal Welfare League of Arlington spokeswoman Chelsea Jones. Those raccoons were euthanized due to their condition. The 6th raccoon tested was found dead in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bovine tuberculosis - Israel: (HZ) cattle, M. bovis, spread

Bovine TB -- Israel
Last night [Wed 10 Mar 2021], Keshet 12 TV News magazine aired an article by Guy Varon, which covered the closure of [a family's] dairy operation in Kinneret colony, following the infection with bovine tuberculosis of their herd of nearly 200 cattle. In recent months we have accompanied the family and other affected dairy farms, helping them in dealing with the crisis that befell them. Among other things, we led the change in regulations to allow farms in a similar situation to take part of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Enteritidis - Norway (02): German beef

Salmonella -- Norway
In a follow-up on the salmonellosis outbreak reported across Norway, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health has, in collaboration with the Norwegian Veterinary Institute, detected _Salmonella [enterica_ serotype] Enteritidis with the outbreak profile in a batch of beef imported from Germany.
The imported batch of beef is used for, among other things, chop dough [Our investigations have failed to reveal what this is. - Mod.SH]. This product has been withdrawn from the market. Some of the

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Saturday 13 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Australian bat lyssavirus - Australia (02): (SA) microbat, human exp

Other Animal Disease -- Australia
When 7 year old Port Lincoln schoolgirl JF was bitten by a microbat, her mum KF's gut feeling was to go to the hospital. She was right to be concerned; bats can carry the deadly Australian bat lyssavirus (ABL), and the consequences could have been dire. JF had been bitten while collecting her bag at the end of the school day after the bat flew into a window and fell onto her hand. "There were 4 tiny little pinpricks on her hand," KF said. "You could barely even see it was there. The doctor

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, avian - North America (02): USA (CA) songbird

Salmonella -- United States
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) reports more than 2000 songbirds have died in the state from 20 Dec 2020 through 8 Mar 2021 -- and the culprit is sitting in people's backyards. The agency determined the birds are contracting salmonellosis, a disease cause by salmonella bacteria, by sharing bird feeders with other infected avian species. Pine siskins, a species of finch that winters in California, are the primary species affected by the outbreak, along with a small number

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (25): Guinea, Congo DR (NK)

Ebola -- Guinea
Outbreak update: Since the last brief (3 Mar 2021), 1 new confirmed case, 2 new deaths, and no new recoveries of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in Nzerekore, Guinea. This represents a 91% decrease in the number of new cases reported this week compared with new cases reported in the last brief. Cumulatively, 29 EVD cases, 13 deaths (case fatality rate [CFR] 45%), and 4 recoveries have been reported from Democratic Republic of Congo (11 cases; 4 deaths; 2 recoveries) and Guinea

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (96): HCWs, child mental health, Africa vaccines, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
WHO region (no. countries/territories):
Total confirmed cases (new cases in last 24 hours) / Total deaths (new deaths in last 24 hours)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Western Pacific Region (19): 1 694 716 (7465) / 30 076 (133)
European Region (61): 40 640 050 (199 249) / 900 997 (3259)
South East Asia Region (10): 13 819 871 (31 159) / 211 740 (257)
Eastern Mediterranean Region (22): 6 793 641 (37 052) / 149 400 (442)
Region of the Americas (54):

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Friday 12 March 2021

PRO/AH> Foot & mouth disease - Israel (03): (HZ) cattle, spread

Foot and Mouth -- Israel
On Mon 8 Mar 2021, samples obtained from beef cattle in Tuba-Zangariyye, suspected of FMD, were received in the Kimron Veterinary Institute at Beit-Dagan. The Institute's FMD laboratory has confirmed FMD by PCR, followed by virus growth in tissue culture.
A protection zone (3 km [1.9 mi]) and a surveillance zone (10 km [6.2 mi]) have been established around the outbreak.
--
communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[The location of Tuba-Zangariyye (2 merged Bedouin settlements combined) is

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PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed deaths - USA: (TX): dog, toxic algae susp

Algae -- United States
"Toxins are compounds that have a harmful effect on other cells, tissues, and organisms. In the natural environment, these toxins are generally contained within the blue-green algal cell but they are released into the water when the cell is damaged or dies.
"Blue-green algal toxins can be divided into the following groups:
1. Hepatotoxins
- Hepatotoxins cause blood to collect in the liver causing circulatory shock and can lead to death by internal hemorrhaging.
- Hepatotoxins can cause

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (95): vacc reactions, vacc approval, Americas, WHO

COVID-19 -- Denmark
Use of vaccine paused for 14 days in Denmark while investigators probe reports of possible 'serious side-effects'
Denmark will not use AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine for 2 weeks after reports that some recipients had developed serious blood clots, and in one case may have died as a result, the country's authorities said on Thursday [11 Mar 2021]. They did not say how many reports of blood clots there had been, but Austria has stopped using a batch of AstraZeneca shots while investigating a

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PRO/AH> Equine rhinopneumonitis - Spain (04): (VC) EHV-1, horse, intl spread, Luxembourg

Equine Herpes Virus -- Spain
In recent days, many cases of the equine virus EHV-1 have been identified across Europe, leading to the cancellation of several equestrian competitions. It has since been confirmed that a case has been reported in the Grand Duchy.
The Luxembourg Ministry of Agriculture announced the discovery of the 1st case to be found in the Grand Duchy on Tue 9 Mar [2021]. The Administration of Veterinary Services has stated that the virus is not transmissible from animals to humans.
In the event of

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (04): global, WPV1, cVDPV

Polio -- Worldwide/Unknown
Data as of 10 Mar 2021, World Health Organization
- New wild poliovirus isolates reported this week:
Acute flaccid paralysis [AFP] cases: 0
Environmental samples [ES]: 6
Others: 0
- New cVDPV isolates reported this week:
AFP cases: 30
ES: 17
Others: 3
Summary of new WPV and cVDPV this week (AFP cases and ES positives):
- Afghanistan: 14 cVDPV2 cases and 10 cVDPV2 positive ES
- Pakistan: 6 WPV1 positive ES
- Cote d'Ivoire: 3 cVDPV2 positive ES
- Dr Congo: 3 cVDPV2 cases
-

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PRO/EDR> N. meningitidis: clonal expansion, fluoroquinolone-resistant CC4821, ex China

Meningitis - Neisseria -- China
Chen M, Harrison OB, Bratcher HB, et al. Evolution of sequence type 4821 clonal complex hyperinvasive and quinolone-resistant meningococci. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021 Apr [date cited]. ; DOI: 10.3201/eid2704.203612.
Abstract
-------
Expansion of quinolone-resistant _Neisseria meningitidis_ clone ChinaCC4821-R1-C/B from sequence type (ST) 4821 clonal complex (CC4821) caused a serogroup shift from serogroup A to serogroup C invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in China. To determine the

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Thursday 11 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Enteritidis - Norway: RFI

Salmonella -- Norway
Public health officials in Norway are investigating an outbreak of salmonellosis with up to 20 patients. Folkehelseinstituttet (the Norwegian Institute of Public Health) reported the outbreak of _Salmonella [enterica_ serotype] Enteritidis has seen 10 people need hospital treatment. A dozen people have been diagnosed with the outbreak strain, and there are 8 suspected cases. Samples were taken from the end of January [2021] through the end of February [2021].
Patients are geographically

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - USA (02): (CA) wound, injection drug related

Botulism -- United States
Los Angeles County health officials identified 4 cases of suspected wound botulism associated with heroin injection in February 2021.
Two of the cases possibly used the same heroin batch but the other 2 cases have no known connection to other cases. The sources of the heroin remain unknown and additional cases may occur. All 4 cases required intensive care treatment and had respiratory failure requiring intubation. Symptoms of the 4 cases included diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, slurred

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PRO/AH> Lumpy skin disease - Namibia (01): (OH) cattle, OIE

Lumpy Skin Disease -- Namibia
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 27 Jan 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 11 Feb 2021
Report date: 9 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date last occurrence: 19 Jul 2018
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Lumpy skin disease virus
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory
This event pertains to: a defined zone within the country
New outbreaks (2)
Outbreak 1: Otjiuapehuri,

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (94): blood donor Abs, self-check, pollen, variant, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
Abstract
--------
In this study, we investigate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in the cities of Wuhan, Shenzhen, and Shijiazhuang in China. From January to April 2020, 38 144 healthy blood donors in the 3 cities were tested for total antibody against SARS-CoV-2 followed by pseudotype SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests, IgG, and IgM antibody testing. Finally, a total of 398 donors were confirmed positive. The age- and sex-standardized SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence

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PRO/PL> Undiagnosed disease, rice - Nigeria: (TA)

Undiagnosed -- Nigeria
Rice farmers in Taraba State have raised alarm over an unidentified fungal disease. The Rice Farmers Association said [that] farmers have sprayed their rice with all known pesticides without results as the destruction of the crops persisted. The association has reported the outbreak to the Ministry of Agriculture. They said that many farms have been destroyed by the strange disease.
[byline: Magaji Lsa Hunkuyi]
--
communicated by:
ProMED

[It is unclear why a 'fungus' is considered

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Wednesday 10 March 2021

PRO/AH> Lumpy skin disease - Viet Nam: (HT,NA) cattle, spread

Lumpy Skin Disease -- Vietnam
The lumpy skin disease [LSD] virus, which has been detected in cows and buffaloes in Viet Nam since mid-October [2020] has continued spreading in Viet Nam. To date [9 Mar 2021], Viet Nam [sic. Presumably should say LSD. - Mod.SH] had hit 163 communes in 65 districts of 18 cities and provinces in Viet Nam, affecting 2200 cows and buffaloes with 300 culled.
By 1 Mar 2021, the disease had attacked roughly 1000 cows and buffaloes in many districts of the Ha Tinh province [North Central Coast

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (93): Estonia (HA) animal, cat, OIE

COVID-19 -- Estonia
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 21 Feb 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 28 Feb 2021
Report date: 10 Mar 2021
Date submitted to OIE: 10 Mar 2021
Event status: ongoing
Reason for notification: emerging disease
Morbidity: 1 (scale 0 to 5)
Mortality: 0 (scale 0 to 5)
Diagnostic details: clinical signs, laboratory test
Zoonotic impact: no
Causal agent: SARS-CoV-2
New outbreaks (1)
Summary of outbreaks:
Total outbreaks: 1
Outbreak

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (92): allergy mRNA vacc, sex-specific risk, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
Acute allergic reactions occurred in 2.10% but anaphylaxis in only 0.025% of employees of 2 Boston hospitals who received their 1st dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, according to a research letter published yesterday [8 Mar 20201] in JAMA [ref: Blumenthal KG, Robinson LB, Camargo CA Jr, et al. Acute allergic reactions to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. JAMA. 2021 Mar 8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.3976. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33683290; ].
Scientists from Massachusetts General

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Tuesday 9 March 2021

PRO> Invasive mosquito - Australia: (NT)

-- Australia
Health officials have found dengue mosquitoes [_Aedes aegypti_] in the Northern Territory outback after they likely hitched a ride from tropical north Queensland. The female _Aedes aegypti_ -- also known as the yellow fever mosquito -- is the only insect that can spread dengue fever [not true. _Aedes albopictus_, the Asian tiger mosquito, can also transmit dengue viruses. - Mod.TY]
During routine exotic mosquito surveillance in Tennant Creek, about 1000 km [620 mi] south of Darwin, 3

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (91): USA post vacc, vacc passport, WHO

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
COVID-19 vaccines are effective at protecting you from getting sick. Based on what we know about COVID-19 vaccines, people who have been fully vaccinated can start to do some things that they had stopped doing because of the pandemic.
We're still learning how vaccines will affect the spread of COVID-19. After you've been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, you should keep taking precautions in public places like wearing a mask, staying 6 feet [2 m] apart from others, and avoiding crowds and

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (03): global, WPV1, cVDPV

Polio -- Afghanistan
New wild poliovirus isolates reported this week
- AFP cases: 0
- Environment: 3
- Others: 0
New cVDPV isolates reported this week:
- AFP cases: 12
- Environment: 26
- Others: 3
Summary of new WPV and cVDPV this week (AFP [acute flaccid paralysis] cases and ES [environmental sample] positives):
- Afghanistan: 1 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) case and 9 cVDPV2 positive environmental samples
- Pakistan: 3 wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) environmental samples, 3

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Americas (04): Brazil (SC) monkey, susp

Yellow Fever -- Brazil
In a little more than 15 days, the region has registered 40 dead monkeys in the cities of Santa Rosa de Lima, Rio Fortuna, Sao Martinho, Grao-Para and Braco do Norte, with 24 in just one week.
Teams from regional Health Surveillance and the Zoonoses Surveillance Unit (UVZ), Tubarao Municipal Health Foundation (FMS), issued an alert about the possibility of yellow fever cases that could be causing the deaths of monkeys in municipalities of the region.
Several days ago, 8 dead monkeys were

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PRO/PL> Tomato brown rugose fruit virus - Italy: (SC) spread

Other Plant Disease -- Italy
A convention discussed the spreading of ToBRFV in Sicily. "It is important for qualified personnel to perform [the] tests. The virus has already [spread] considerably. Over the past 2 years, we have noticed a lack of communication from companies, as they fear reporting the virus would lead to crops being uprooted," explained Professor Walter Davino [University of Palermo].
Currently, around 45% of companies with protected crops report infections. In Sicily, the problem manifested in 2018.

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PRO/AH> Equine rhinopneumonitis - Spain (03): (VC) EHV-1, horse, intl spread, Italy

Equine Herpes Virus -- Spain
In Italy, after the outbreak in Valencia (Spain), 4 outbreaks of rhinopneumonitis have been notified, 3 in Lombardia region and one in the province of Trento. Two outbreaks (both in Lombardia) are epidemiologically linked to Valencia.

--
Andrea Carvelli
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M. Aleandri"

[We are grateful to Dr Carvelli for the above timely update; Italy becomes the 7th country suffering EHV-1 infections in horses related to the event in

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Monday 8 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (24): Congo DR (NK) Guinea

Ebola -- DR Congo
Despite multiple warnings and the inevitability of infectious disease outbreaks, preparedness has [not received due priority] in the USA. From severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003 to Ebola in 2014, the USA has confronted many outbreaks -- each should have served as a wake-up call to the importance of preparedness, knowing that these were not one-off events but part of a looming trend. Since their creation 15 years ago, the International Health Regulations of 2005 have been used 5 times to

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PRO/AH> Die-off, apis - Colombia: pesticide susp

Animal Die-off -- Colombia
For the second time in 2 years, Gildardo Urrego is scooping up piles of dead bees after an invisible evil invaded his hives in north west Colombia, wreaking havoc among his swarms. Urrego has no proof, but he suspects the culprit is pesticides which have been fueling a commercial avocado and citrus boom in the country.
Hundreds of hives have been killed off in Colombia in recent years, and some investigations have pointed to fipronil, an insecticide banned for use on crops in Europe and

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PRO/AH> African swine fever - Asia (06): Malaysia (SA) domestic, wild boar, spread

African Swine Fever -- Malaysia
The African swine fever (ASF) virus has now spread to other districts, infecting both domestic pigs and their cousins, the wild bearded pigs [see comment]. In a statement here [in Kota Kinabalu] yesterday (Sun 7 Mar 2021), deputy chief minister Datuk Seri Panglima Dr Jeffrey Kitingan said the virus was detected among domestic pigs in Kota Marudu and Pitas as well as wild bearded pigs in Lahad Datu, Sandakan, Kinabatangan, Beluran, and Telupid [Sabah province]. "This includes the case of a dead

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PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (90): UK sewage, Viet Nam, Cambodia, WHO

COVID-19 -- United Kingdom
A pilot study's analysis of schools' wastewater shows its potential as an early warning system for public health teams
Schools may have had more COVID-19 infections before Christmas [2020] than previous research showed, according to data from a pilot study that senior public health experts believe could provide a crucial early warning system against future outbreaks. COVID-19 was present in the sewage of 80% of 16 primary and secondary schools in England during December [2020], and

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PRO/AH> Equine rhinopneumonitis - Spain (02): (VC) EHV-1, horse, intl spread

Equine Herpes Virus -- Spain
Three more horse deaths have put the toll of the equine herpesvirus (EHV-1) outbreak in Europe at 9, with all but 2 occurring in Spain. Two horses have died in Germany, 2 in Barcelona, and 5 in Valencia, the centre of the outbreak. There are now 6 countries with confirmed cases: Spain, Germany, Belgium, France, Sweden, and Qatar. There is a case in the US, but it is not linked with the outbreak in Europe.
Late on Friday [5 Mar 2021], the FEI, horse sport's world governing body, suspended

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Sunday 7 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> COVID-19 update (89): co-re-infection, evolve,Tcell response,variants,WHO,global

COVID-19 -- Worldwide/Unknown
Abstract
Uncertainty remains about how long the protective immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 persists, and suspected reinfection in recovered patients has been reported. We describe a case of reinfection from distinct virus lineages in Brazil harboring the E484K mutation, a variant associated with escape from neutralizing antibodies.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED Rapporteur Kunihiko Iizuka
[Previous reports have documented co-infection of SARS-CoV2

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (42): Algeria (BT) poultry, HPAI H5N8, spread

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Algeria
Yesterday [Fri 5 Mar 2021], a new focus of bird flu virus was discovered in Batna wilaya, in the east of the country.
The Agriculture Directorate of Batna State stated that "a focus of avian influenza virus has been confirmed in the Seriana region in the state."
The directorate demanded that poultry keepers in the region attend a meeting to be held on Sunday [7 Mar 2021] in the Seriana region to take advantage of instructions and directives to avoid the spread of infection. According to

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Saturday 6 March 2021

PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (06): USA (FL, PA) horse

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
A mare in Marion, Florida, has tested positive for the neurological strain of equine herpesvirus, type 1 (EHV-1), raising concerns a very aggressive strain of the virus currently circulating in Europe may eventually make its way to the United States. [Currently there is no evidence of this more aggressive form in the USA. - Mod.TG]
EHV-1 most often causes mild-to-moderate respiratory illness (rhinopneumonitis), but the infection occasionally leads to the life-threatening neurologic disease

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PRO/AH/EDR> Toxic jellyfish - Australia: (NT) human case, fatal

Other Human Disease -- Australia
An Australian teenager has died after a suspected box jellyfish sting, authorities said Thursday [4 Mar 2021], in a rare case believed to be the country's 1st such death in 15 years.
Health officials said the 17-year-old was stung while swimming at Bamaga, a remote community on the tip of Cape York in Australia's far north, on 22 Feb 2021. He was airlifted to a hospital where he died on 1 Mar 2021, according to police.
The Australian box jellyfish, or _Chironex fleckeri_, is among the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (41): Sweden (SN), Niger (NI) poultry, HPAI H5N5, H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza, Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Sweden
Information received on 5 Mar 2021 from Dr. Emeli Torsson, Senior Veterinary Advisor, Sweden
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 2 Mar 2021
Date of confirmation of the event: 3 Mar 2021
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 19 Nov 2020
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N5
Nature of diagnosis: Laboratory (basic and

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