Thursday 31 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - South Africa: (NC) domestic swine, OIE

African Swine Fever -- South Africa
Information received on [and dated] 30 May 2018 from Dr Bothle Michael Modisane, chief director, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Animal Production and Health, Pretoria, South Africa
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 23 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 25 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 10 Nov 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - South Africa: (NP) bovine, st. SAT 2, OIE

Foot and Mouth -- South Africa
Information received on [and dated] 30 May 2018 from Dr Bothle Michael Modisane, chief director, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Animal Production and Health, Pretoria, South Africa
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 23 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 25 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 8 Feb 2018
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent:

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PRO/EDR> Meningitis, meningococcal - Netherlands: emergence of hypervirulent sg. W

Meningitis - Neisseria -- Netherlands
The Netherlands is heading for a record number of infections with the meningococcal bacterium type [serogroup] W, also known as meningitis. So far this year [2018], 57 people ended up in intensive care, and 11 people died because of this bacterium, according to figures AD [Algemeen Dagblad, a Dutch daily newspaper based in Rotterdam] received from the national institute for public health RIVM [Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment].
The number of meningitis deaths

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leptospirosis - France: (AC): fatal, swimmer, triathletic training

Leptospirosis -- France
The mayor of Libourne opened an environmental survey after the death of a triathlete with leptospirosis the week of 14 May 2018. He regularly swam at Lac des Dagueys, but for the moment, there is no evidence that he contracted the disease while swimming.
The mayor of Libourne said on Mon 28 May 2018 that she is taking precautions around Lake Dagueys, following the death of a triathlete from leptospirosis the week of 14 May 2018. The 44-year-old was training regularly.
Leptospirosis is a

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PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV (19): Saudi Arabia (NJ) household cluster conf.

MERS -- Saudi Arabia
[1] 23 May 2018
New case ID: 18-1711
MERS in Najran city: 45-year-old male living in Najran city, Najran Region.
Date of onset: [17 May 2018]
Date of hospital admission: [20 May 2018]
Diagnosis: MERS pneumonia with ARDS [acute respiratory distress syndrome], critical
Contact tracing: 11 household contacts listed for follow-up
Contact with camels and consumption of raw milk.
Ministry of Agriculture has been informed, and investigation of camels is ongoing.
Case classification:

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Wednesday 30 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (77): Nepal (TH) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Nepal
Information received on [and dated] 29 May 2018 from Dr Bimal Kumar Nirmal, Doctor, Department of Livestock Services, DGA open RR, Nepal
Summary:
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 20 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 22 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 10 Mar 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N1
Nature

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PRO/EDR> Meningitis, meningococcal - Kazakhstan: fatal, RFI

Meningitis - Neisseria -- Kazakhstan
Eight people have died of meningococcal disease in Kazakhstan since the start of 2018, chief sanitary doctor Jandarbek Bekshin said.
62 meningococcal disease cases were registered in total, including 29 cases in Almaty, 4 cases in East Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan regions and Astana each, and 3 cases in Almaty region, he said.
"Of the 8 lethal cases registered since start of the year [2018], 4 cases were registered in Almaty and 2 cases in Almaty region and South Kazakhstan region each,"

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PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis & other - India (04): (KL)

Japanese Encephalitis -- India
Even as Kozhikode is recovering from the Nipah jolt, 2 isolated cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been reported from the district.
A mosquito-borne viral infection resulting in inflammation of the brain, JE can cause fever, headache and seizures.
T. Jayakrishnan, Associate Professor (Community Medicine), Government Medical College, Manjeri, told The Hindu on Tuesday [29 May 2018] that JE cases were 1st reported in the State in Alappuzha in 1996, and there had been isolated cases

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Tuesday 29 May 2018

PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (15): Pakistan (BA) RFI

Polio -- Pakistan
An 18-month-old girl has been diagnosed with crippling polio virus in Dukki district, Balochistan, officials of the provincial health department told Dawn News TV on Monday [28 May 2018].
This is the 2nd polio case reported from Balochistan this year [2018], and both cases have been from Dukki district.
Health officials said blood samples [from this child] were sent to a laboratory for the test, which confirmed the presence of polio virus.
It is yet to be ascertained whether the child

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PRO/EDR> Hand, foot & mouth disease update (05: China (HK) EV71

Enterovirus -- China
Hong Kong health officials urged the public to maintain strict personal and environmental hygiene as local activity of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and enterovirus (EV) 71 infection has been increasing in the past 2 weeks.
According to the Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health, the number of institutional HFMD outbreaks recorded increased from 5 (affecting 23 persons) to 14 (affecting 60 persons) from the week of 6-13 May 2018. As of 24 May 2018, 15 outbreaks

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PRO/AH/EDR> Scombroid fish poisoning - Europe (03): Luxemburg ex Netherlands, ex Sri Lanka

Poisoning -- Luxembourg
"Histamine poisoning results from the consumption of foods, typically certain types of fish and cheeses that contain unusually high levels of histamine. Spoiled fish of the families, Scombridae and Scomberesocidae (e.g. tuna, mackerel, bonito), are commonly implicated in incidents of histamine poisoning, which leads to the common usage of the term, "scombroid fish poisoning", to describe this illness. However, certain non-scombroid fish, most notably mahi-mahi, bluefish, and sardines, when

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PRO/PL> Tungro disease, rice - Philippines: (CB)

Other Plant Disease -- Philippines
Asturias [province of Cebu] Mayor Jose Antonio Pintor said that ricefields have been infected by Rice Tungro Disease (RTD) [in the area] . "We have to declare it under state of calamity so we could pull out their harvest."
Municipal Agriculturist Jade Mesias said there is already an outbreak of the disease. "The virus really kills the plant." He said 78 per cent of the total rice producing area in Barangay [municipality] Lunas, or 33 of the total 43 hectares are severely damaged. While 100

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Monday 28 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis - Taiwan (02): (KH)

Japanese Encephalitis -- China
A cluster of Japanese encephalitis virus infection has been confirmed in Kaohsiung's Linyuan District, including 2 confirmed cases and one suspected case, an official with the city's health department said [Mon2 8 May 2018].
As the residences of the 2 confirmed cases and the suspected case are all within about 2 km [1.24 mi] of each other, the cases were categorized as a cluster infection, according to Pan Chao-ying, the head of the health department's disease control division.
Health

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PRO/AH/EDR> Crimean-Congo hem. fever - East Africa (04): Uganda (MD)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- Uganda
A Crimean-Congo viral hemorrhagic fever suspected human case died in Mubende, Uganda. There has been no laboratory confirmation yet.
--
Communicated by:
Dr. Katharina Kopp
One Health Pathogenomics Consulting
Certified Epicore Member

[ProMED-mail thanks Epicore member Dr. Katharina Kopp for sharing this report. The suspected Ebola cases have been confirmed as CCHF, a diagnostic dilemma when various viral hemorrhagic pathogens are endemic to a country or region. -

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies (26): Americas (USA) skunk

Rabies -- United States
Rabies cases in Weld and Larimer counties are on the rise this year [2018], with nearly 30 reported cases between the 2 counties so far in 2018.
There have been 17 rabid skunks reported in Larimer County this year [2018], which is 9 more reported cases than in all of 2017. Eight of those have been reported in Fort Collins, and the rest were found in Wellington, Timnath, Carr and unincorporated Larimer County.
Ten skunks and one bat have tested positive for rabies in Weld County,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Uganda: (KS) st. SAT-3, bovine, wildlife

Foot and Mouth -- Uganda
Scientists at the National Agricultural Research Organization have identified a new strain of foot and mouth disease [FMD] virus: a Southern African Territory 3 (SAT 3), which attacks livestock causing lesions in mouth and sore feet and subsequently inhibiting the animals' abilities to eat or move.
The SAT 3 was discovered in a seemingly healthy long-horned Ankole calf that grazed close to buffaloes in western Uganda.
"This calls for heightened surveillance to control spread, because we

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Sunday 27 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (18): case update, no Ebola outbreak in Uganda, vaccination campaign underway

Ebola -- Republic of Congo
- Negative tests are systematically removed from the summary table.
- The category of probable cases includes all reported deaths for which it was not possible to obtain biological samples for laboratory confirmation.
News about the Ebola response
-----------------------------
Visit by the Minister of Health to Bikoro and Iboko
- Accompanied by a strong delegation composed of partners such as the representatives of WHO, UNICEF, and IOM, the Minister of Health travelled this [Sat 26

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - Ireland: (Ulster) childcare center

E. coli -- Ireland
A community creche in County Monaghan has been closed over an outbreak of an _E. coli_ infection among children and staff. Ballybay Community Creche was forced to close following the outbreak, to limit the spread of the infection. All children and staff members are due to be screened to see if they have picked up the infection.
The outbreak is believed to be of the Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (generally now referred to as Shiga toxin-producing _E. coli_ [STEC] or enterohemorrhagic _E.

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (14): (WA) sandwich shops

E. coli -- United States
The local Homegrown Organic chain of sandwich shops has been linked to a small outbreak of Shiga toxin producing _E. coli_ infections in King County, according to county health investigators. A total of 4 people in King County have been sickened since [Wed 23 May 2018] after eating at 3 different Homegrown stores: Redmond, Kirkland, and the Westlake Avenue shop in Seattle. All of the people sickened ate the chicken pesto sandwich, according to health officials.
"On 24 May 2018,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leptospirosis - Reunion Island (03): more cases

Leptospirosis -- Région d'outre-mer de Réunion, France
Since the beginning of the year, 89 cases of leptospirosis have been reported in Reunion (against 50 in 2017). This disease can be contracted through contact with contaminated wetland (stagnant water, mud, etc). The West and South are the most affected regions with 21 confirmed cases in Saint-Paul.
Once again, the cleaning of courtyards and gardens or bathing in fresh water [flood water that is contaminated with urine from infected animals, e.g., rats, dogs?] after heavy rains is

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (20): (KY,TN)

Hepatitis A -- United States
The Department for Public Health said there have been 629 cases with 6 deaths of hepatitis A affecting 10 counties in Kentucky. The outbreak affects Boyd, Bullitt, Carter, Greenup, Hardin, Jefferson, McCracken, Meade, Montgomery and Warren. Each of the counties have reported 4 or more cases of hepatitis A.
On [Thu 24 May 2018], a food service worker was diagnosed in Boyd County.
The affected counties are set to receive funding for 1000 doses of the vaccine each.
Health officials said

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st I 4,[5],12:b:- - USA (05): kratom, multiple serotypes

Salmonella -- United States
Introduction
------------
CDC, public health and regulatory officials in several states, and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigated this multistate outbreak of _Salmonella_ infections.
Public health investigators used the PulseNet system to identify illnesses that were part of this outbreak. PulseNet is the national subtyping network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories coordinated by CDC. DNA fingerprinting was performed on _Salmonella_ bacteria

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Saturday 26 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (76): Sweden (SN) poultry, LPAI H5, OIE

Avian Influenza -- Sweden
Information received on [and dated] 24 May 2018 from Dr Ingrid Eilertz, Chief Veterinary Officer Director and Head, Swedish Board of Agriculture Department for Animal Welfare and Health, Ministry for Rural Affairs, Jonkoping, Sweden
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 23 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 23 May 2018
Reason for notification: first occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: sub-clinical infection
Causal agent:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (06) : (Balochistan)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- Pakistan
A teenager from Quetta has contracted the Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and is being treated in the isolation ward of the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC).
"Nineteen-year-old M.I. was brought to the JPMC with a bleeding nose and mouth on [Wed 23 May 2018]," the hospital's executive director, Dr. Seemin Jamali, told The News on [Thu 24 May 2018]. "His tests from a private laboratory have confirmed that he is infected with the CCHF virus. We are treating him in the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Nipah virus - India (06): (KL,KA)

Nipah/Hendra Virus -- India
Following directions of the Union Health Minister, Shri J P Nadda, a multi-disciplinary Central Team led by the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) is presently in Kerala constantly reviewing the situation of the Nipah virus disease.
After reviewing the cases of all the patients who have lost their lives, the Central High-level Team is of the view that the Nipah virus disease is not a major outbreak and is only a local occurrence. The Team has also further fine-tuned the draft

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PRO/EDR> Measles update (33): Asia, Africa, Europe, USA

Measles -- Pakistan
On [Thu 24 May 2018, 4 more children died due to measles virus in Ubaro [Ghotki district] and Faiz Gunj [Khairpur district, in Sindh].
According to detail, measles virus has been spreading in low lying areas of Khairpur, Sukkur, Ghotki, and Naushahro Feroze districts and several children died in above district due to measles while hundreds of people are suffering from that virus.
Three children died in village RB Malik near Ubaro while [another child] died in village Rasool Bux Abupoto

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (14): global, cVDPV Horn of Africa, PV2 post erad. stocks

Polio -- Nigeria
Poliovirus weekly update, 22 May 2018, WHO
New wild poliovirus cases reported this week: 0
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2018: 8
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2017: 22
New cVDPV cases reported this week: [1]
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2018: [5]
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2017: 96
[Note: the data on the website did not include the newly reported case from Nigeria which I have added to the numbers above. - Mod.MPP]
Highlights
----------
- This week,

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Friday 25 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - Australia (03): (QL) bovine recurrence

Anthrax -- Australia
Producers are being urged to attend an anthrax awareness day after another case of the bacterial disease was detected in Dirranbandi [Queensland] last week [13-19 May, 2018]. Minister for Agricultural Industry Development Mark Furner confirmed in a media statement that a single cow had contracted anthrax, but the property owners' proactive approach limited the impact of the incident.
"The affected owners were aware of previous incidents in the St George-Dirranbandi district in the past 2

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PRO/AH/EDR> Animal disease situation, 2017-2018: global, OIE

Avian Influenza, Peste des petits ruminants, Foot and Mouth, Rabies, Bovine TB, Lumpy Skin Disease, African Swine Fever, Other Animal Disease -- Worldwide/Unknown
One of the key missions of the OIE is to ensure transparency of the global animal health situation, including zoonoses. The situation of global animal health was presented to the [6th plenary session of the 86th General Assembly, 20-25 May 2018], based on the reports submitted to the OIE by member as well as non-member countries between 1 Jan 2017 and 6 May 2018.
Particular attention was paid to specific diseases subject to global control or eradication efforts, or diseases of major

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PRO/AH/EDR> Nipah virus - India (05): (KL,TG)

Nipah/Hendra Virus -- India
Tragedy has once again struck the family of Sooppikkada village in Kerala's Kozhikode district as one more member succumbed to the Nipah virus infection on [Thu 24 May 2018].
District Medical Officer V Jayashree told The Hindu that V. the man, 60, who had been undergoing treatment at Baby Memorial Hospital in the city, died on [24 May 2018] in the morning.
This is the 4th death in the family as the man's 2 sons and sister-in-law, had died of the infection since [5 May 2018].
With

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (16): cases, DRC cultural factors, vaccine impl., case terminology

Ebola -- Republic of Congo


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PRO/PL> Citrus canker - Australia (02): (WA)

Other Plant Disease -- Australia
The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia [WA], has confirmed the detection of citrus canker on 3 properties in the state's north, linked to imported plants from the Northern Territory [NT].
The department has conducted tracing and testing of plants imported from Darwin [NT], where citrus canker has been detected [ProMED-mail post http://bit.ly/2IMjZNO]. Department Biosecurity's Mia Carbon said test results had confirmed the

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Americas (02): PAHO/WHO epidemiological update

Diphtheria -- Colombia
Between epidemiological week (EW) 1 and EW 18 of 2018 [1 Jan-4 May 2018], 3 countries in the Region of the Americas -- Colombia, Haiti, and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela -- have reported confirmed diphtheria cases; while in 2017, 4 countries in the Region -- Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Venezuela -- had reported confirmed diphtheria cases.
The following is a summary of the situation in each country with reported confirmed cases in 2018:
In Colombia, 2 confirmed cases

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Thursday 24 May 2018

PRO/EDR> Measles update (32): Europe, Pacific, Asia

Measles -- United Kingdom
The May 2018 report from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC] regarding the measles outbreak is loaded with 'bad-news'.
For the European region as a whole, there have been more measles cases reported during 2018, than in the previous 5 years combined.
This negative trend is one reason the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has issued Travel Alert Level 1 for several EU countries.
Measles is among the most contagious viral diseases known, and

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Wednesday 23 May 2018

PRO/PL> Fruit & root rot, durian - Philippines: (Mindanao)

Other Plant Disease -- Philippines
For the last 3 years, the _Phytophthora palmivora_ has caused decline of durian harvest in Davao region by about 10 per cent and the disease continues to be one of the challenges the industry is facing.
Davao Industry Council's Larry Miculob said, "It has really a high level of destruction in Davao City." As _P. palmivora_ does not only affect the durian fruits but the entire tree, he said this resulted to a total loss of production. To counter the problem, growers are using fungicide

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PRO/AH/EDR> Brucellosis, canine - Netherlands: B. suis, epidem., raw pet food ex Argentina

Brucellosis -- Netherlands
"A _Brucella suis_ biovar 1 infection was diagnosed in a dog without typical exposure risks, but the dog had been fed a raw meat-based diet (hare carcasses imported from Argentina). Track and trace investigations revealed that the most likely source of infection was the dog's raw meat diet".
Subscribers may be interested in the following excerpts from the paper's discussion section (references omitted):
"Medical microbiologists of the Municipal Health Service assessed the zoonotic risks

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PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis & other - India (03): (AS)

Japanese Encephalitis -- India
Altogether 12 people have died of acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in Assam this year [2018].
Among the deaths, 3 were confirmed as Japanese encephalitis (JE) and another was caused by scrub typhus. But the Assam health department said it could not identify what really led to the deaths of the other 8 persons though they all showed symptoms of AES.
Health department officials said this year [2018], 29 Japanese encephalitis cases and 149 AES cases have been reported in Assam. A majority

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (14): case update, response, prediction, maps

Ebola -- DR Congo
- Negative tests are systematically removed from the summary table.
- The probable case category includes all reported deaths for which it was not possible to obtain biological samples for laboratory confirmation.
News from the Ebola response
----------------------------
Launch of the vaccination campaign
----------------------------------
On Mon 21 May 2018, the Minister of Health, Dr Oly Ilunga Kalenga, officially launched the 1st vaccination campaign in the history of the Democratic

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PRO/AH/EDR> Mushroom poisoning - Iran

Poisoning -- Iran
More than 700 people have been poisoned after eating wild mushrooms in Iran, the country's emergency services said. At least 9 people have died, while dozens more remain in critical condition, [according to a] local media report.
"The latest emergency statistics show 721 people have been poisoned by poisonous mushrooms, of which 190 were hospitalized, 523 were cleared, and 9 died," Mojtaba Khalidi, an emergency services spokesman, told Iran's ISNA news agency.
At least 50 of the victims

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Tuesday 22 May 2018

PRO/ALL> New in IJID (05): May 2018

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis D, Zika virus, Chikungunya, Scrub Typhus, Diarrhea, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, Other Human Disease -- Burkina Faso
Editorial
Healthcare-associated sepsis and the role of clean hands: When we do not see the trees for the forest
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 70, May 2018, Pages 101-103
Alexandra Peters, Sarah Masson-Roy, Didier Pittet

Original Reports
Evaluation of _Mycobacterium tuberculosis_-specific antibody responses for the discrimination of active and latent tuberculosis infection
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 70, May 2018, Pages 1-9
Sen Wang,

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PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (11): Asia, Pacific, WHO update, persistence in semen

Dengue -- Sri Lanka
Northern hemisphere
-------------------
Cambodia
--------
As of 17 Apr 2018, a total of 408 suspected dengue cases have been reported in Cambodia. In weeks 14 and 15 [2-15 Apr 2018], there were 45 and 48 new suspected dengue cases, respectively. In weeks 14 and 15, the total number of reported dengue cases was below the 3 year-threshold (2015-2017) for the same period.
China
-----
As of 31 Mar 2018, a total of 19 dengue cases were reported in China. The number of reported cases is

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PRO/EDR> Trachoma - Nepal: WHO, eliminated as a public health problem

Trachoma -- Nepal
In 1996, WHO launched the WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma by the year 2020 (GET2020). With other partners in the Alliance, WHO supports country implementation of the SAFE strategy (Surgery for trichiasis, Antibiotics to clear infection, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement to limit transmission) and strengthening of national capacity through epidemiological assessment, monitoring, surveillance, project evaluation and resource mobilization.
Elimination of

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (13): Hungary (SZ) wild boar, OIE

African Swine Fever -- Hungary
Information received on [and dated] 18 May 2018 from Dr Lajos Bognar, Deputy State Secretary Chief Veterinary Officer, Food Chain Safety Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Budapest, Hungary
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 14 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 16 May 2018
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Causal agent: African swine fever virus
Nature of diagnosis: laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to

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PRO/EDR> Influenza (16): Honduras, seasonal

Influenza -- Honduras
Honduras has registered 10 deaths and 172 cases of influenza A, with 22 new infections confirmed in the last hours, reported today [18 May 2018] the national coordinator of Health Surveillance, Homer Mejía.
He also noted that 9 of the deceased patients had "more than one underlying disease, such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease." He added that the majority of these infections occurred in San Pedro Sula and Tegucigalpa, the 2 most important cities of the Central American

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Monday 21 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Nipah virus - India (02): (KL) conf

Nipah/Hendra Virus -- India
Barely 12 hours after the deaths of 3 members of a family near Perambra in Kozhikode district of Kerala were confirmed as a result of Nipah virus infection, 8 more people died after showing similar symptoms in Kozhikode and Malappuram, sparking panic among locals in the region.
"We got the report from the National Institute of Virology, Pune, on Sunday night [20 May 2018], confirming Nipah virus infection in the blood samples of the 3 persons who had died initially. Now, 4 more persons who

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PRO/AH/EDR> Nipah virus - India: (KL) susp

Nipah/Hendra Virus -- India
The Health Department is on high alert in the district after the death of 3 members of a family at Perambra [Kozhikode district, Kerala] due to fever over the past fortnight.
Excise Minister TP Ramakrishnan, who is the Minister in charge of the district, held meetings with senior officials on [Sat 19 May 2018] to take stock of the situation.
Sources in the department said that a man, 26, another, 28, who are brothers, and a woman, 50, their paternal aunt, of Panthirikkara Sooppikkada in

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Sunday 20 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis - Armenia: (AV) foodborne

Foodborne Illness -- Armenia
The investigation into a foodborne incident in Armenia's Armavir province continues. The suspected cause -- food poisoning -- has been confirmed through lab tests. Salmonellosis has been discovered in all victims.
63 from the overall 88 victims of the food poisoning have already been treated and discharged. The healthcare ministry says they confirm that the cause was food poisoning. Earlier, the state service for food safety has dispatched agents to Armavir province to probe the suspected

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (12): update, USA, response

Ebola -- United States
[1] Epidemiologic situation
[2] WHO External Situation Report 3
[3] IOM report [International Organization for Migration report]
United States
------
[4] US response
[5] CDC
Response
-----
[6] Vaccine
[7] Congo River: Ebola super highway
[8] Community
******
[1] Epidemiologic situation
Date: Sat 19 May 2018
Source: Minister of Health Press Release [edited]

- A total of 46 cases of haemorrhagic fever were reported in the region, including 21 confirmed, 21 probable

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PRO/AH/EDR> Lassa fever - West Africa (28): Liberia

Lassa Fever -- Liberia
Liberian authorities on Wednesday [16 May 2018] confirmed that 22 deaths have been recorded across the country following the outbreak of Lassa fever since January [2018].
In a statement, the National Public Health Institute of Liberia said the West African country had seen an increase in the outbreak with 81 suspected cases recorded so far.
However, 67 out of the 81 suspected cases tested negative following laboratory examination, according to the statement.
Lassa fever is a viral

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Saturday 19 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - Italy: (ER) EHV-1, OIE

Equine Herpes Virus -- Italy
Information received on [and dated] 18 May 2018 from Dr Silvio Borrello, Chief Veterinary Officer, Food Safety and Collegial Bodies for Health Protection, Ministère de la Santé, Department for Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 29 Mar 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 29 Mar 2018
Report date: 18 May 2018
Date submitted to OIE: 18 May 2018
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (75): Nepal (Narayani) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Nepal
Information received on [and dated] 18 May 2018 from Dr Bimal Kumar Nirmal, Doctor, Department of Livestock Services, DGA open RR, Nepal
Summary:
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 3 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 15 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 10 Mar 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
Serotype: H5N1
Nature of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Monkeypox - Africa (09): Cameroun

Monkeypox -- Cameroon
The dreaded but rare viral zoonotic disease (from animal to man) caused by monkeypox virus has hit English speaking Cameroon, Andre Mama Fouda, Cameroon's Public Health Minister said on [Thu 17 May 2018].
Going by a press release issued by the Minister, monkeypox was detected in Njikwa, Momo Division, in the North West Region and Akwaya, Manyu, in the South West Region. The release states that the epidemiology surveilance system had recorded cases of human monkeypox in late April 2018. The

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (11): WHO, vaccination, response

Ebola -- DR Congo
[1] WHO Statement from Emergency Committee
Vaccination
-----------
[2] Vaccination update
[3] Vaccination of UN staff
[4] Update summary
Response
--------
[5] Bordering countries: alert
[6] Response
[7] Cost of response
[8] Life in Ebola zone
******
[1] WHO Statement from Emergency Committee
Date: Fri 18 May 2018
Source: WHO [edited]

[Excerpts from] statement on the 1st meeting of the IHR Emergency Committee regarding the Ebola outbreak in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies - Brazil: (PA) human

Rabies -- Brazil
The Para Health Department reported having reported 12 cases of human rabies in the state, including 6 deaths. So far, at least one case has been confirmed.
According to the agency, a patient died yesterday afternoon [Tue 15 May 2018] at the Hospital Regional de Breves. Four children are hospitalized at Santa Casa de Misericordia in Belem and one at the Breves Regional Hospital, which also serves an adult with suspected illness. Most patients remain in a serious condition.
By means of a

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Friday 18 May 2018

PRO/EDR> Mumps update (05): USA (IL, VA), New Zealand (OT)

Mumps -- United States
As per the Illinois Department of Public Health, 4 students studying at Western Illinois University have been reported to come down with cases of mumps."
[Byline: Erryn Deane]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts

[A Healthmap/ProMED of United States can be found at and of Illinois, United States:
]
******
[2] United States (Virginia)
Date: Tue 8 May 2018
Source: Epi-X (Epidemic Information Exchange; edited; not open access)

Health officials in

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PRO/EDR> Hand, foot & mouth disease update (04): China

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease -- China
On [Wed 16 May 2018], the Anhui Provincial Health Planning Commission issued the report on the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in April. The report shows that in April the province reported a total of 38 918 cases of statutory infectious diseases. Among them, the number of reported cases of hand-foot-mouth disease [HFMD] in the province was 15 447 cases. The Anhui Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission reminded [the reader] that Anhui has entered the season of high

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PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (19): Asia (Syria)

Cholera -- Syria
More than 10 fatal cases of cholera have been registered in the IDP [internally displaced persons] camp near Deir ez-Zor rural area according to the local news network "Furat Post".
The cause of the cholera outbreak is possibly related to contaminated water sources in the camp, which receives its water supply from water tankers previously used for other purposes.
The network warned of the spread of infection among a larger number of people if preventive measures are not taken, through

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PRO/AH/EDR> Mayaro virus disease - Canada: (AB) ex Peru

Other Human Disease -- Canada
1. Esposito DLA, Fonseca BALD. Will Mayaro virus be responsible for the next outbreak of an arthropod-borne virus in Brazil? Braz J Infect Dis 2017: 21(5); 540-4; available at .
2. Pabbaraju K, Wong S, Gill K, et al. Simultaneous detection of Zika, chikungunya and dengue viruses by a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay. J. Clin Virol 2016: 83; 66-71. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.09.001; available at .
3. Calisher CH, el-Kafrawi AO, Al-Deen Mahmud MI, et al. Complex-specific immunoglobulin M antibody

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Jordan: 2017, st O, genotyped, phylogenetics

Foot and Mouth -- Jordan
sequence // virus name // host // percentage Id. // No. ambig // serotype // topotype // lineage // sublineage
viba_25914 // UAE/1/2015 // gazelle // 99.2 // 0 // O // ME-SA // Ind-2001 // e
viba_23824 // SAU/10/2016 // bov // 99.2 // 0 // O // ME-SA // Ind-2001 // e
viba_23808 // SAU/1/2016 // bov // 99.1 // 0 // O // ME-SA // Ind-2001 // e
viba_26240 // SAU/18/2015 // bov // 99.1 // 0 // O // ME-SA // Ind-2001 // e
viba_26244 // SAU/19/2015 // bov // 99.1 // 0 // O // ME-SA // Ind-2001

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Thursday 17 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Piscine reovirus - Canada: (BC) wild chinook at risk

Respiratory Illness -- Canada
1. Di Cicco E, Ferguson HW, Kaukinen KH, et al. The same strain of _Piscine orthoreovirus_ (PRV-1) is involved with the development of different, but related, diseases in Atlantic and Pacific Salmon in British Columbia. Accepted for publication in FACETS on 23 Apr 2018. doi: 10.1139/facets-2018-0008
The 1st cases of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), were registered in 1999 in the Hitra/Frøya area of Norway. Since then, there have been an increasing number of outbreaks along

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PRO/EDR> Syphilis - USA (05): (CA) congenital, rising incidence

Syphilis -- United States
Los Angeles County Department of Public Health (Public Health) announces since 2012, rates of syphilis among both men and women have been steadily increasing in Los Angeles county and in California. Cases in women rose by 50 percent from 2016 to 2017, affecting individuals in almost every area of the county. Most notably, more pregnant women have been diagnosed with syphilis and the number of cases of congenital syphilis has increased over the past 5 years, from 6 in 2012 to 44 cases in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rift Valley fever - South Africa: (Free State) livestock, OIE

Rift Valley Fever -- South Africa
Information received on [and dated] 16 May 2018 from Dr Bothle Michael Modisane, Chief Director , Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Animal Production and Health, Pretoria, South Africa
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 28 Apr 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 16 May 2018
Report date: 16 May 2018
Date submitted to OIE: 16 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 30 Aug

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (13): O157, romaine lettuce, increasing cases, fatality

E. coli -- United States
Case count update
-----------------
Since the last update on 9 May 2018, 23 more ill people were added to this outbreak.
As of 15 May 2018, 172 people infected with the outbreak strain of _E. coli_ O157:H7 have been reported from 32 states. Illnesses started on dates ranging from 13 Mar 2018 to 2 May 2018. Ill people range in age from 1 to 88 years, with a median age of 29. 65 percent of ill people are female. Of 157 people with information available, 75 (48 percent) have been

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PRO/EDR> Influenza (15): WHO global update, Brazil

Influenza -- Brazil
Information in this report is categorized by influenza transmission zones, which are geographical groups of countries, areas, or territories with similar influenza transmission patterns.
Summary
-------
Influenza activity returned to inter-seasonal levels in most of the countries in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere except for some countries in Eastern Europe. Activity increased in some countries in tropical America. In the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere, influenza

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PRO/AH> Equine infectious anemia - USA: (TX)

Equine Infectious Anemia -- United States
The EIA [equine infectious anemia]-positive quarter horse from Bexar county has been euthanized and the affected Maverick county quarter Horse has been transferred to a quarantine facility.
The Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) reported 14 May 2018 the Texas Animal Health Commission [TAHC] has confirmed equine infectious anemia (EIA) in a Maverick county quarter horse and a Bexar county quarter horse.
"The Bexar county horse has been euthanized and the premises will remain under

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Wednesday 16 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Hantavirus - Americas (34): USA (WA) confirmed

Hantavirus -- United States
Health officials announced [Tue 15 May 2018] that they have confirmed a case of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome [HPS] in a Grant County resident.
Grant County Health District officials said the person is believed to have been exposed to contaminated deer mouse dropping while cleaning out their vehicle. The person has been released from the hospital and is expected to make a full recovery.
Officials said this is the 1st confirmed case of [a] hantavirus [infection] in Grant County in 6

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PRO/AH/EDR> Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) - Mexico: (YU)

Chagas -- Mexico
With the confirmation of 7 cases in the last epidemiological week reported by the Ministry of Health , the cases of American trypanosomiasis, known as the Chagas disease, number 15 in the State.
Specialists point out that 3 out of every 10 infected patients suffer cardiac disorders and one out of every 10 presents digestive alterations (typically, enlargement of the esophagus or colon), neurological or mixed.
According to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System, of the cases

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Tuesday 15 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - India (07): (KA) bovine

Anthrax -- India
The anthrax scare has come back to Bandipur Tiger Reserve this summer [2018]. At least 10 head of cattle died due to this disease at Shivapura village over the past 2 weeks. This small village in Gundlupet taluk, 8 km [approx. 5 mi] from Melkammanahalli at the entrance to Bandipura Tiger Reserve, has triggered alarm among villagers and wildlife activists as the disease can infect humans as well as mammals.
In 2013, there was panic among forest officers after the death of cattle on the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Invasive mosquito - Jamaica

Pests -- Jamaica
Bonizzoni M, Gasperi G, Chen X, James AA. The invasive mosquito species _Aedes albopictus_: current knowledge and future perspectives. Trends Parasitol. 2013; 29(9): 460-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.07.003;
- Mod.TY
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map
Jamaica: ]
[See Also:
2017
----
Invasive mosquito - USA (15): (CA) http://bit.ly/2rJyRWK
Invasive mosquito - USA (12): (NM) http://bit.ly/2GjR81p
Invasive mosquito - USA (10): (MI)

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Yemen (05): fatal, more cases

Diphtheria -- Yemen
The World Health Organization (WHO) said on [Sat 12 May 2018] that the diphtheria outbreak has killed at least 91 people in war-torn Yemen since late October [2017].
A total of 1725 suspected cases of diphtheria have been recorded in 20 of Yemen's 23 provinces, compared to 1516 suspected diphtheria cases with 84 associated deaths reported on [3 Apr 2018].
Also in the day, a UN-backed national campaign for immunizing children against diphtheria was launched.
In March [2018], the WHO,

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PRO/EDR> Acinetobacter - USA: ped, antibiotic resistant, increasing frequency, 1999-2012

Acinetobacter baumannii -- United States
1. Logan LK, Gandra S, Trett A, et al. _Acinetobacter baumannii_ resistance trends in children in the United States, 1999-2012. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018 Mar 22. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piy018; ]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts

[The following is the abstract of the journal article referenced in the news report above:
Abstract
--------
"Background. _Acinetobacter baumannii_ is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections. Carbapenem-resistant (CR) _A.

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Monday 14 May 2018

PRO/EDR> Measles update (31): Asia, Africa, Europe, Americas

Measles -- United States
[4] USA: Louisiana (New Orleans) travel associated
[5] USA: New York, New Jersey, Connecticut: alert
******
[1] Japan (Okinawa)
Date: Sat 12 May 2018
Source: Japan Times [edited]

Okinawa measles outbreak sparks vaccination checks at Japanese hospitals and nurseries - procedure being tightened after 94 more cases logged there on [Thu 11 May 2018].
The government says it plans to ensure staff at hospitals and nursery schools get 2 measles vaccines amid an outbreak of the highly

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PRO/AH> Malaria - USA: ex Costa Rica: (PU)

Malaria -- Costa Rica


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Sunday 13 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Infectious hematopoietic necrosis, trout - Italy: (TT) OIE

Other Animal Disease -- Italy
Information received on [and dated] 11 May 2018 from Dr Silvio Borrello, Chief Veterinary Officer, Food Safety and Collegial Bodies for Health Protection, [Ministry of Health], Department for Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 17 Apr 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 8 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 15 Oct 2015
Manifestation of disease:

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Saturday 12 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (11): Moldova (GA), domestic, OIE

African Swine Fever -- Moldova
Information received on [and dated] 11 May 2018 from from Dr Vitalie Caraus, Head, Sanitary and Veterinary Surveillance Division, National Food Safety Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment of the Republic of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 7 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 10 May 2018
Reason for notification: First occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Mycoplasma bovis, bovine - New Zealand (08): (CA) ovine

Other Animal Disease -- New Zealand
A sheep and beef farm near Cheviot [Hurunui district] in north Canterbury has been confirmed infected with the cattle disease _Mycoplasma bovis_.
It is the 1st time the disease has been detected in the region, and brings the total number of farms infected throughout the country to 36.
Late last year [2017] the disease was discovered on a lifestyle block in Rangiora, north of Christchurch, but that is considered in Canterbury, whereas the new detection is in a new, separate

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis - Nepal: new genotype

Leishmaniasis -- Nepal
Abstract
--------
_Leishmania donovani_ is the responsible agent for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC). The disease is lethal without treatment and causes 0.2 to 0.4 million cases each year.
Recently, reports of VL in Nepalese hilly districts have increased as well as VL cases caused by _L. donovani_ from the ISC1 genetic group, a new and emerging genotype.
In this study, we perform for the 1st time an integrated, untargeted genomics and metabolomics approach

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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (19 ): USA (SD, TX, WA) equine

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
Resources from the USDA [US Department of Agriculture], AAEP [American Association of Equine Practitioners], AVMA [American Veterinary Medical Association], and others may be found online.
ProMED-mail covers equine herpesvirus reports frequently, and I thought it time to provide an in-depth comment as there are may different components of this disease. The majority of this comment has been extracted from the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) at .
- Mod.TG]
[See

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PRO/AH/EDR> Botulism, avian - Australia: (NS)

Botulism -- Australia
Healthy birds, affected birds, and dead birds in various stages of decay are commonly found in the same area. The toxin affects the nervous system by preventing impulse transmission to muscles. Birds are unable to use their wings and legs normally or control the 3rd eyelid, neck muscles, and other muscles. Birds with paralyzed neck muscles cannot hold their heads up and often drown. Death can also result from water deprivation, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory failure, or

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (18): (MI, UT, KY)

Hepatitis A -- United States
Public health officials and the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) are continuing to see an elevated number of hepatitis A cases in the state.
Since the beginning of the outbreak in August 2016, public health response has included increased healthcare awareness efforts, public notification and education, and outreach with vaccination clinics for high-risk populations. No common sources of food, beverages, or drugs have been identified as potential sources of infection.

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - India (06): (TN) ovine

Anthrax -- India
With the death of 22 sheep in Karaikeni between [Sun 6 and Wed 9 May 2018], the district, for the 1st time, recorded the incidence of anthrax infection. According to Regional Joint Director of Animal Husbandry, R Rajasekaran, anthrax infection will be declared endemic to Karenina village next year [2019].
Up to 2 weeks ago, as many as 56 sheep owned by M and R died under mysterious circumstances in Karaikeni village in T Kallupatti block in Peraiyur taluk in the district. Sources said, the

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Friday 11 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Trypanosomiasis - Angola: (CN)

Trypanosomiasis -- Angola
A total of 21 positive cases of sleeping sickness were diagnosed in the last 2 weeks in the municipality of Banga, Kwanza Norte province, during the prospecting campaign held by the Provincial Department of the Institute of Combat and Control of Trypanosomiasis (Icct).
Angelino Francisco Correia, the supervisor of the campaign, said that 2800 had been examined, and 21 cases were diagnosed, of which 5 were confirmed as sleeping sickness patients.
The official called the active

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - Canada (07): O157, romaine lettuce

E. coli -- Canada
Federal health officials say 6 Canadians have been stricken by a strain of _E. coli_ that has a similar genetic fingerprint to romaine lettuce from the US southwest that has already sickened 149 people in 29 states.
The Public Health Agency of Canada says 2 of the 6 Canadians reported travelling to the USA before falling ill due to _E. coli_ O157, 3 became infected in Canada and the remaining case is under investigation. The 6 Canadian illnesses were reported between late March and

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - Marshall Islands: 2016-2017

Hepatitis A -- Marshall Islands
In mid-September 2016, a case of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection was reported to the Marshall Islands Ministry of Health and Human Services (MOHHS). On 4 Nov 2016, MOHHS received laboratory confirmation of 4 additional cases, prompting activation of an outbreak investigation by the MOHHS Exposure Prevention Information Network (EPINet) team and solicitation of technical assistance from the Pacific Island Health Officers' Association, the WHO, and CDC. CDC began participating in the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Braenderup - USA (02): eggs, recall

Salmonella -- United States
Case count update
-----------------
Since the last update on 16 Apr 2018, 12 more ill people were added to this outbreak.
35 people infected with the outbreak strain of _Salmonella [enterica_ serotype] Braenderup have been reported from 9 states. Illnesses started on dates ranging from 16 Nov 2017 to 14 Apr 2018. Ill people range in age from 1 to 90 years, with a median age of 65. 50 percent of ill people are female. Of 28 people with information available, 11 (39 percent) have been

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Thursday 10 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Lassa fever - West Africa (27): Liberia (MG)

Lassa Fever -- Liberia
The Margibi County Health Team has declared a health emergency following 2 confirmed cases of Lassa fever deaths in less than a week.
The newly assigned county health officer, Dr. Myers Pajibo, told a press briefing on [Tue 8 May 2018] that the 2 cases involve a 56-year-old male and a 35-year-old female, who showed signs of the fever by profusely vomiting with blood on [3 May 2018] and subsequently dying on [5 May 2018], at the C. H. Rennie Hospital in Kakata.
Pajibo noted that the

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (12): O157, romaine lettuce, increasing cases, fatality

E. coli -- United States
Case count update
-----------------
Since the last update on 2 May 2018, 28 more ill people were added to this outbreak.
As of 8 May 2018, 149 people infected with the outbreak strain of _E. coli_ O157:H7 have been reported from 29 states. Illnesses started on dates ranging from 13 Mar 2018 to 25 Apr 2018. Ill people range in age from 1 to 88 years, with a median age of 30. 65 percent of ill people are female. Of 129 people with information available, 64 (50 percent) have been

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Kenya: st O, bovine, OIE

Foot and Mouth -- Kenya
Information received on 9 May 2018 from Dr Obadiah Nyaga Njagi, Director of Veterinary Services, Directorate of Veterinary Services, State Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 23 Aug 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 26 Jan 2018
Report date: 9 May 2018
Reason for notification: new strain of a listed disease in the country
Manifestation of disease: clinical

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PRO/EDR> Amebic meningoencephalitis, primary - Pakistan: (SD) fatal

Amoeba -- Pakistan
According to the ARY TV report, a 40-year-old male was admitted in a private hospital in Karachi, where he later died. The case was confirmed to be due to _Naegleria_. The Sindh Health department declared it as 1st case of _Naegleria_ infection in Karachi in 2018 and also advised the general public on appropriate preventive measures. According to this report, 6 cases of _Naegleria_ infection were reported during last year [2017].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[The 1st cases of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - China (02): (NX) livestock, human, travel alert, corr.

Anthrax -- China
The Epoch Times report is misleading. According to official information there is no spread of anthrax to Yinchuan city [Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region]. Our MD in Beijing has reviewed a related official Chinese media report and an announcement from the local health Bureau in Yinchuan city:
[In Chinese. - Mod.MHJ]
The report confirms that there have been 3 skin anthrax cases in Haiyuan county (some 280 km [approx. 174 mi] from Yinchuan city) detected [11-13 Apr 2018]. One case is from

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Wednesday 9 May 2018

PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (17)

Hepatitis A -- United States
In recent months, these headlines popped up in a Google search for "Hepatitis A outbreak" -- "KY hepatitis A outbreak kills 3 people, hospitalizes hundreds," "20th death reported in San Diego's hepatitis A outbreak," "Michigan posts 25th hepatitis A death."
And on 4 May 2018, the Indiana State Department of Health posted an outbreak update reporting 91 confirmed cases, with a 48 percent hospitalization rate. States with outbreak cases are using different starting dates for their outbreaks.

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (03): Congo DR (ET), WHO

Ebola -- DR Congo
The Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo declared a new outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Bikoro in Equateur Province [Tue 8 May 2018; see ProMED Ebola update (02): Congo DR (ET) http://bit.ly/2G0KNrv].
The Ministry of Health of Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) informed WHO that 2 out of 5 samples collected from 5 patients tested positive for EVD at the Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale (INRB) in Kinshasa. More specimens are being

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Tuesday 8 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (73): Denmark (MJ) poultry, LPAI H5, OIE

Avian Influenza -- Denmark
Information received on [and dated] 7 May 2018 from Dr Per Starcke Henriksen, Chief Veterinary Officer, Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Glostrup, Denmark
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 2 May 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 5 May 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: August 2016
Manifestation of disease: sub-clinical

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (02): Congo DR (ET)

Ebola -- DR Congo
Democratic Republic of Congo has confirmed 2 cases of Ebola in the northwestern town of Bikoro [Equateur province] and at least 10 more cases are suspected, the head of the national institute for biological research, Jean Jack Muyembe, said on [Tue 8 May 2018].
A source at the ministry of health also said 2 cases had been confirmed and added that there would be an official announcement about it later in the day.
It is the 9th time Ebola has been recorded in the DRC, whose eastern Ebola

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (72): Taiwan (YL) poultry, HPAI H5, spread

Avian Influenza -- China
A goose farm in southern Taiwan's Yunlin county was found to have been contaminated by a subtype of H5 bird flu virus and 2279 birds on the farm were culled, the 68th case of poultry farm infection this year [2018], according to the Council of Agriculture (COA) on [Sun 6 May 2018].
Several geese on the farm in Yunlin's Sihu Township were confirmed as having contracted the virus, the council's Bureau of Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine said in a press release.
The bureau has

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PRO/PL> Fatal yellowing, oil palm - South America: etiology

Other Plant Disease -- Worldwide/Unknown
There is still no consensus on the true origin of fatal yellowing [FY], one of the most important diseases affecting oil palms (_Elaeis guineensis_). This study involved 2-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2D-UPLC-MSE) analyses to identify changes in protein profiles of oil palms affected by FY disease.
Oil palm roots were sampled from 2 growing areas. Differential accumulation of proteins was assessed by comparing plants with and without symptoms and

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PRO/PL> Undiagnosed blights, grapevine & pomegranate - India: (KA)

Undiagnosed -- India
In Bijapur district (state of Karnataka), long dry spells, unseasonal rains, and hailstorms coupled with blight, a bacterial disease, have made tending to grapes a nightmarish experience. The farmers have [turned] to the lucrative pomegranate, which again had its share of blight attack last year [2017].
The resultant drop in yield and also frequent crashes in prices of the 2 main fruits cultivated in the district have forced farmers to look to the government for support.
--
Communicated

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - Uganda (04): (QW) bovine, human, significant spread

Anthrax -- Uganda
On [20 Apr 2018], 7 people were admitted to Ngenge HCIII [Health Center III], after skinning, carrying, and eating a dead cow at Kaplopwotwo village, Kween district. They all presented with blisters, oedema, and red to brown, raised spots that are typical of an anthrax infection. Additionally, 4 cows were reported to have died within the same kraal [an enclosure for cattle or sheep] in Kaplopwotwo village. Locals reportedly skinned and ate the meat from the 4 cows. Ministry of Health set out

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Monday 7 May 2018

PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed illness - Kenya: (BA) fatalities, RFI

Undiagnosed -- Kenya
An unknown disease has claimed the lives of 5 people in Tiaty, Baringo county, over the past one week. More than 13 people are currently admitted to the facility with the same infection. According to Clara Lotum, nurse in charge at AIC Lodengo Health Centre, those affected experience severe bouts of vomiting and diarrhea.
She revealed that they had conducted tests on the patients and ruled out cholera which has similar symptoms. Ms Lotum however lamented that the facility lacks proper

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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (18): USA (WY, SD) equine

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
Horses that attended high school rodeo events at Laramie, Rock Springs, or Big Piney should be monitored.
On 27 Apr 2018, the Wyoming Livestock Board received negative laboratory results for equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) in a blood sample from a horse in Carbon county. The horse had been showing hind limb neurologic signs. Nasal swabs had not been taken.
Still concerned about equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM), the owners were advised to impose a self-quarantine and closely

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - China (02): (NX) livestock, human, travel alert

Anthrax -- China
Russia recently issued a travel alert for citizens planning to visit China: there has been an outbreak of anthrax in central China. Russia's daily newspaper Kommersant reported on [2 May 2018] that the country's Consumer Protection and Public Welfare Supervision Bureau warned travelers to exercise caution if they are visiting areas of central China.
China's state-run China News Service reported on [17 Apr 2018] that 3 Chinese farmers in Haiyuan county, in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

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PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (10): Asia (Reunion Island)

Dengue -- Région d'outre-mer de Réunion, France
In a follow-up on the dengue epidemic on the Indian Ocean island of Reunion, French health officials report an additional 298 biologically confirmed and probable cases in the past week, bringing the total to 2119 cases for the year [2018].
To date, 59 people have required hospitalization for their illness. This compares with 12 hospitalizations for all of 2017.
The following actions have been implemented in Reunion by public authorities:
- reinforced vector control measures, focusing

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Sunday 6 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Americas (30): Brazil

Yellow Fever -- Brazil
In recent decades, yellow fever (YF) has been recorded beyond the limits of the area considered endemic (Amazon region). At the same time, the observation of a seasonal pattern of occurrence of human cases, based on the analysis of the historical series, supported the adoption of surveillance based on a pattern of seasonality. Thus, the YF monitoring period begins in July and ends in June of the following year. Human cases and epizootics in non-human primates (NHP) have recently been recorded

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PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV (14): Israel, animal reservoir, camelids

MERS -- Israel
We present the 1st serological and molecular survey for MERS-CoV infection among Israeli camelids, from 2012 to 2017. Camels showed an average MERS-CoV seroprevalence of 60.6 percent between 2012-2017 by VNT and an average seroprevalence of 62.9 percent by ELISA between 2015-2017, without any detection of viral RNA in the nasal swabs of the 540 camels. The presence of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies suggests that Israeli camels were exposed to MERS-CoV in the past. The VNT assay was

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PRO/AH/EDR> Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Iran: update

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- Iran
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] has caused the death of one man in Iran in recent days, Bashir Khaleghi, an Iranian MP, said.
Kaleghi, who is a member of the Parliament's Health Commission, said that at least 4 people have so far caught the disease in the recent days, ILNA [Iranian Labour News Agency] news agency reported.
The cases have been reported in Iran's south eastern province of Kerman (3 cases) and southern province of Fars (one case), he added.
Crimean-Congo

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PRO/AH/EDR> Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Pakistan (04): (SD)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- Pakistan
[Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever] (CCHF) claimed the 1st life of the year [2018] in Karachi on [Thu 3 May 2018], when a 36-year-old resident of Lyari [Karachi] died at Liaquat National Hospital (LNH) due to complications of the lethal tick-borne disease.
"My brother , who had been diagnosed with Congo virus expired at Liaquat National Hospital on Thursday night [3 May 2018]. Doctors said he was having problems with breathing and could not survive the complications of the disease," an elder

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Saturday 5 May 2018

PRO/AH> Vectorborne diseases - USA (02): increasing incidence, 2004-2016, comment

-- United States
The following data are abstracted from Gideon and the Gideon e-book series. [1] Charts were created using an interactive tool driven by over 30 000 base graphs in the program. [2] (see charts at )
Chart 1 contrasts trends for reported incidence of Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Note that while rates of Lyme disease in 2016 are 15-fold those reported in 1987, those of RMSF increased by a factor of 7. The number of fatal cases for both diseases has remained similar in

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (10): Ukraine, domestic, OIE

African Swine Fever -- Ukraine
Information received on [and dated] 11 Apr 2018 from Dr Andrii Zhuk, 1st deputy head of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Production, International Cooperation of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, UKR Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, Kiev, Ukraine
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 6 Apr 2018
Date of confirmation of the event: 6 Apr 2018
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed

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PRO/EDR> Legionellosis - Australia (03): (VI)

Legionnaires' -- Australia
A total of 2 men are in intensive care fighting legionnaires' disease while a 3rd is also in hospital connected to a Gladstone Park outbreak. The Department of Health issued a warning over the outbreak today after all 3 men became ill following visits to the Airport West and Gladstone Park Shopping Centres between [Fri 20 and Thu 26 Apr 2018].
Health officers are now investigating cooling towers in the northern suburb area to determine the cause of the outbreak. Victoria's deputy chief

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PRO/ALL> New in IJID (04): April 2018

Echinococcosis -- Portugal
Original Reports
Respiratory infections in elderly people: Viral role in a resident population of elderly care centers in Lisbon, winter 2013-2014
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 69, April 2018, Pages 1-7
Maria-Jesus Chasqueira, Paulo Paixão, Maria-Lúcia Rodrigues, Cátia Piedade, Iolanda Caires, Teresa Palmeiro, Maria-Amalia Botelho, Madalena Santos, Martin Curran, Raquel Guiomar, Pedro Pechirra, Inês Costa, Ana Papoila, Marta Alves, Nuno

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Friday 4 May 2018

PRO/ALL> New in IJID (03): March 2018

Pneumonia -- Bangladesh
Editorial
Taking forward the Stop TB Partnership and World Health Organization Joint Theme for World TB Day March 24th 2018 -- "Wanted: Leaders for a TB-Free World. You can make history. End TB"
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 68, March 2018, Pages 122-124
Simon Tiberi, Eskild Petersen, Markus Maeurer, Francine Ntoumi, Dorothy Yeboa-Manu, Peter Mwaba, Cris Vilaplana, Osman Dar, Matthew Bates, Tumena Corrah, Martin Rao, Nathan Kapata, Esam I. Azhar, Ziad A. Memish,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Treponeme-associated hoof disease - USA (02): (WA) elk, comment

Other Animal Disease -- United States
The term foot rot is a generic syndromic term associated with different bacteria and risk factors in different species.
The links to ovine foot rot with the implication that transmission from domestic species to free ranging species could become a widespread problem are a bit off base. _Dichelobacter nodosus_ is a different agent and not related to treponeme-associated disease (hairy heel warts) observed in confined dairy herds.
Has anyone isolated DNA and sequenced the treponemes from

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PRO/AH/EDR> Madariaga virus - Venezuela: (LA)

-- Venezuela
Vittor AY, Armien B, Gonzalez P, et al: Epidemiology of emergent Madariaga encephalitis in a region with endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis: Initial host studies and human cross-sectional study in Darien, Panama. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016; 10(4): e0004554. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004554; available at .
A map of Lara, Venezuela: ]
[See Also:
2016
----
Equine encephalitis - Panama: (DA) http://bit.ly/2JV3YFv
Madariaga virus - Panama

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PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (09): Asia, Pacific, vaccine, retinopathy

Dengue -- Pakistan
Since 2006, notification of dengue infection to public authorities in La Réunion is compulsory. Indian Ocean Regional Office of the French Institute for Public Health (Cire OI -- Santé Publique France), in collaboration with the vector control team (Lutte anti-vectorielle, LAV) of the French Health Agency Indian Ocean (ARS-OI), is closely monitoring this outbreak. The following actions have been implemented by public authorities:
- reinforced vector control measures, focusing primarily in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Listeriosis - South Africa (12): fatal, ST6, WHO update

Listeriosis -- South Africa
In South Africa, the current outbreak of listeriosis, a serious foodborne disease, that has affected the country since early 2017 is showing a downward trend after the food source was identified in early March 2018 (see previous DON), but additional cases are expected. Between 1 Jan 2017 through 24 Apr 2018, 1024 laboratory-confirmed listeriosis cases have been reported to the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) from all provinces. The majority of cases have come from 3

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Thursday 3 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (08): (MO)

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United States
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) reports 33 new cases of chronic wasting disease (CWD) have been found following the testing of 24 486 free-ranging Missouri deer through its 2017-2018 sampling and testing efforts. The new cases were from the following counties: Adair (3), Cedar (1), Franklin (4), Jefferson (1), Linn (7), Macon (3), Perry (1), Polk (3), St. Clair (4), and Ste. Genevieve (6).
Of the 33 new cases, 16 were from hunter-harvested deer, one was from a road-killed

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - Belize: (CY)

Hepatitis A -- Belize
Ministry of Health staff from the Western Health Region are currently in Benque Viejo and surrounding areas monitoring a developing situation due to confirmed cases of hepatitis A in Arenal and Benque. According to a statement from the Ministry, there have been 3 confirmed cases in Benque Viejo and 11 suspected cases in Arenal.
Part of the plan includes sensitization of school staff and students about hepatitis A, its transmission and risk factors. Food handlers in Benque and Arenal will

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PRO/AH/EDR> Treponeme-associated hoof disease - USA: (WA) elk, emerging problem

Other Animal Disease -- United States
- Susceptibility: The disease appears to be highly infectious among elk, but there is no evidence that it affects humans. TAHD can affect any hoof in any elk, young or old, male or female.
- Hooves only: Tests show the disease is limited to animals' hooves, and does not affect their meat or organs. If the meat looks normal and if hunters harvest, process and cook it practicing good hygiene, it is probably safe to eat.
- No treatment: Currently, there is no vaccine to prevent the disease,

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PRO/EDR> Serratia marcescens - USA: peds, central catheters, pre-filled syringes, recall

Serratia marcescens -- United States
1. Voelz A, Müller A, Gillen J, et al. Outbreaks of _Serratia marcescens_ in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units: clinical aspects, risk factors and management. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213(2): 79-87. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2009.09.003; abstract available at .
2. Rabier V, Bataillon S, Jolivet-Gougeon A, et al. Hand washing soap as a source of neonatal _Serratia marcescens_ outbreak. Acta Paediatr. 2008; 97(10): 1381-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00953.x; abstract available at

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PRO> HTLV-1 Australia (02): Indigenous people, background

Other Human Disease -- Australia
The following background information on HTLV infection in Australia is abstracted from Gideon and the Gideon e-book series. [1,2]
The 1st report of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma related to HTLV-1 infection in an Australian Aborigine was published in 1991. 3 such cases had been reported in non-Aboriginal Australians as of 1993. The 1st report of tropical spastic paraparesis related to HTLV-1 infection in an Australian Aborigine was published in 1993; and the 1st report of HTLV-II infection

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (16): (AR,KY,IN)

Hepatitis A -- United States
Arkansas health officials warn the latest hepatitis A outbreak is just beginning and could get much worse. So far, the virus has spread to 2 Arkansas counties in region 8: Clay and Lawrence. Dr Dirk Haselow, the state's epidemiologist, told Little Rock TV station KATV, that the Arkansas Department of Health expects more confirmed cases in the coming weeks.
The outbreak began at the Taco Bell in Corning, 200 N Missouri Ave, when an employee tested positive for the virus. Another case was

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PRO/PL> Clubroot, oilseed rape - Canada: host resistance break down

Other Plant Disease -- Canada
European clubroot differential (ECD) 04 is a key source of clubroot resistance for canola breeding programs around the world, said scientist Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman. [It] has been bred into most clubroot-resistant varieties, including Mendel -- a European winter cultivar that has also been used for Canadian varieties.
But in 2013, clubroot strains started to overcome the resistance [ProMED-mail post http://bit.ly/2HQMf1m]. Most notable of these strains is 5x, which can

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Wednesday 2 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Vectorborne diseases - USA: increasing incidence, 2004-2016

-- United States
"Introduction: Vectorborne diseases are major causes of death and illness worldwide. In the United States, the most common vectorborne pathogens are transmitted by ticks or mosquitoes, including those causing Lyme disease; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; and West Nile, dengue, and Zika virus diseases. This report examines trends in occurrence of nationally reportable vectorborne diseases during 2004-2016.
"Methods: Data reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for 16

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies - Americas (21): USA, raccoon, fox, coyote, goat, human exp

Rabies -- United States
A raccoon that bit 2 individuals in the Chisholm neighborhood in north Montgomery [Montgomery county] over the past weekend [21-22 Apr 2018] has tested positive for the rabies virus, the Alabama Department of Public Health [ADPH] confirmed. The people have been notified, and have begun receiving the rabies vaccine from their medical provider. The vaccine is necessary in a timely manner in order to protect them from this deadly disease. The Montgomery County Health Department is currently

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PRO/AH/EDR> Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Mauritania: (GD)

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- Mauritania
The Mauritania Ministry of Health has reported a confirmed case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever [CCHF] in Ould Yengé commune, Guidimaka region located in the southern-most part of the country.
The case-patient is a 58-year-old male herder from Elghabra locality who became ill on [16 Apr 2018] (reportedly) after tending to a sick cow days earlier. He presented to a private clinic the same day [16 Apr 2018] with high fever, arthralgia and headache. He was admitted, managed for an

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Tuesday 1 May 2018

PRO/AH/EDR> Marijuana, canine - Canada (02) (AB)

Other Animal Disease -- Canada


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PRO/AH/EDR> Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (04): (FL) equine

Eastern Equine Encephalitis -- United States
A horse in Marion County tested positive for Eastern Equine Encephalitis, also known as EEE. It's the 2nd case of the disease reported in the county this year [2018] and the 12th nationwide.
People who board animals in or reside around the Ocklawaha area should maintain a heightened awareness about the threat of EEE, the Florida Department of Health reported. The department also cautions that residents shouldn't have a false sense of security if their area has not been named as a danger

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PRO/AH/EDR> Cutaneous & renal glomerular vasculopathy, canine - UK (05): (England)

Other Animal Disease -- United Kingdom
A veterinary surgery in Malmesbury has told the BBC it's treating a dog from Hullavington which is suspected of having Alabama Rot. This is a condition that causes blood clots, skin lesions and potential kidney failure in dogs.
As many as 2 other cases have been discovered in Wiltshire this year [2018], both of which were diagnosed after post-mortem examination.
All 3 dogs affected were walked within a 10 mile radius.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[This report adds little fact

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PRO/AH/EDR> Cytauxzoonosis, feline - USA: (TN)

Other Animal Disease -- United States
Several local veterinarians and pet owners are reporting cases of Bobcat Fever, which is posing a threat to domestic cats in the mid-state. The disease is carried from bobcats to domestic cats through ticks. Experts say _Cytauxzoon felis_ (commonly known as Bobcat Fever) is a parasite that gets into the bloodstream. It's so aggressive even with treatment the mortality rate is 60 percent.
"Samson was definitely one of our family members, our whole community knew him," says JH. But the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Marijuana, canine - Canada: (AB)

Other Animal Disease -- Canada
Two Edmonton dog owners are speaking out after their beloved dogs recently consumed marijuana on walks and had to be rushed to the veterinarian. For [MW] senior corgis Ringo and George are family members. "They are my life. It was scary."
The trio had just returned from a walk in northwest Edmonton when Ringo threw up. Then the dog couldn't make it up the stairs. "His back legs got wobbly and they weren't supporting him. He became less and less responsive. Then he started having spasms,"

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