Sunday 31 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Leptospirosis - USA (11): (CO) canine

Leptospirosis -- United States
More cases of the serious illness lepto [leptospirosis] are seen by vets around Weld county [Colorado] now.
It used to be in Weld County and Greeley, we had your farm type "outdoor" dogs and your city dogs. The farm dogs were those rough and tumble labs and heelers that worked all day and hunted all weekend. They did chores, herded, chased rabbits, and swam in ditches. This was the group that vets vaccinated against the [bacterial disease] called leptospirosis, commonly referred to as

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (35): Poland (WN) wild boar, OIE

African Swine Fever -- Poland
Information received on [and dated] 28 Dec 2017 from Dr Pawel Niemczuk, chief veterinary officer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, POL Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Varsovie, Poland
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 23 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 23 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: African swine fever

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (183): Iran, HPAI H5N8 susp, poultry, spread, RFI

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Iran
Around 17 million chickens have been culled in Iran so far, due to the recent outbreak of avian flu, the chairman of the board of directors at Tehran's Union of Producers of Egg-Laying Chicken said.
Nasser Nabipour added that almost all the provinces across the country, except Semnan and Khorasan Razavi, are now dealing with the deadly virus.
According to the official, the permit for importing 20 000 tons of eggs has been issued and so far 50-60 tons have been imported from Turkey, Mehr

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (62): (MI, UT)

Hepatitis A -- United States
Michigan has been hit particularly hard amid a series of ongoing outbreaks of hepatitis A which have affected several other states including Utah, Arizona, Kentucky, and California. California has experienced over 672 cases, with at least 430 requiring hospitalization and 21 resulting in death.
The CDC has stated that the outbreak in Michigan is unrelated to the one in California but that both outbreaks have been similar in terms of affected population. That is, primarily the homeless and

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - Brazil (02): (SP) MSM

Hepatitis A -- Brazil
An outbreak of hepatitis A struck the city of São Paulo, Brazil in 2017 and the number of cases reported through November 2017 is an astounding 11 times the number of cases in 2016, according to an r7.com report (; computer translated). Officials in São Paulo have seen 656 hepatitis A cases, including 2 deaths in the 1st 11 months of 2017; this compares with just 60 reported in 2016, for a nearly 1000 percent increase year-to-year.
The increase in hepatitis A in the state capital is

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PRO/EDR> Varicella update (03): USA (NJ), Asia (Pakistan)

Chicken Pox -- United States
An email sent to University students late Thursday afternoon [14 Dec 2017] stated that one undergraduate student is sick with a "probable" case of the chickenpox [varicella] virus and noted that another student is has a confirmed case of the mumps virus. According to the email, both students are expected to fully recover.
"This is not an outbreak response," says Dr Jonathan Pletcher, director of medical services at University Health Services. "We wanted to let people know so they can take

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Saturday 30 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Bangladesh (04): (CG) fatal, susp, Rohingya, ex Myanmar, shortages

Diphtheria -- Bangladesh
Diphtheria, a disease long forgotten in most parts of the world thanks to increasing rates of vaccination, is re-emerging in Bangladesh, where more than 655 000 Rohingya have sought refuge since [25 Aug 2017], following increased violence in Myanmar. As of [21 Dec 2017], Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) has seen more than 2000 suspected cases in its health facilities and the number is rising daily. The majority of patients are between 5 and 14 years old.
"I was very surprised when I got

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PRO/AH/EDR> Scrub typhus - India (05): (WB) fatal

Scrub Typhus -- India
A bacterial ailment known as scrub typhus has turned out to be the 2nd most frequent infectious disease in Kolkata [West Bengal] this year [2017] after dengue, according to a survey by a private hospital. Even though the disease -- which has symptoms similar to those of dengue -- affected a far smaller number of people, the mortality rate of scrub typhus patients was higher. Out of the 838 patients admitted in Peerless Hospital [Kolkata] with fever between June and November [2017], 47 had

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PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed illness - Sri Lanka: (JA) RFI

Undiagnosed -- Sri Lanka


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PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed illness - Afghanistan: (PK) RFI

Undiagnosed -- Afghanistan
Two children have died of a mysterious disease in Ziruk district of southeastern Paktika province, residents said on [Thu 28 Dec 2017].
The residents of Warjana village said the 2 children first developed flu, then increasing coughing and bleeding through mouth and nose.
[A resident] said the mysterious disease had concerned people. He said symptoms included flu, throat infection, high temperature, and diarrhea type signs. He said the disease had so far killed 2 children in the

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PRO/EDR> Chikungunya (50): Asia (Pakistan)

Chikungunya -- Pakistan
Due to the poor sanitary conditions, mosquito-borne vector diseases are on a steep rise, and 10 more chikungunya suspected cases have been reported throughout Karachi in a week, taking the number of the reported cases to 4138 in the city since [1 Jan 2017].
According to the weekly report issued by Sindh Health Department, a total of 4868 chikungunya suspected cases have been reported throughout Sindh province, of which 4138 had emerged from Karachi and 730 from other districts of the

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PRO/EDR> Mumps update (37): USA, New Zealand

Mumps -- United States
This year's [2017] mumps outbreak is the highest number of reported cases Florida has experienced in the last 5 years combined.
At least 56 cases of mumps have been reported in the Sunshine State in 2017 across all ages.
Half of those cases are in patients who have received the MMR vaccination which is meant to prevent measles, mumps and rubella.
Though Florida is experiencing a significant rise in infections, it is well below outbreaks in other states that have seen hundreds of cases

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Friday 29 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (182): Saudi Arabia (RI) poultry, HPAI H5N8, spread

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Saudi Arabia
The infectious bird flu disease (H5N8) has spread to 2 new governorates in the province of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. New cases of the avian influenza were discovered at Al-Quaiya and Dharma.
The H5N8 disease was 1st discovered at Al-Aziziya Market before hitting the governorates of Al-Kharj and Huraimila.
The Ministry of the Environment, Water and Agriculture reported 8 new cases at a poultry project in Riyadh, which led to the culling of 85 627 birds. The authorities have also culled 1232

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (184): China (HK) wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- China
Information received on [and dated] 29 Dec 2017 from Dr Thomas Sit, Chief Veterinary Officer/Assistant Director (Inspection & Quarantine), Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR-PRC)
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 21 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 25 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian cholera - USA (05): (TN) snow geese

Avian Cholera -- United States
The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency has received confirmation of the presence of avian cholera in snow geese that were sent for laboratory testing.
The disease was expected to show up in Tennessee after being recently reported in Kentucky.
The Tennessee geese tested were found dead in Lauderdale County in the western part of the state, where large populations of snow geese often gather as they migrate along the Mississippi River flyway. Smaller numbers occasionally show up during

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PRO> Avian influenza (182): Saudi Arabia (RI) poultry, HPAI H5N8, spread

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Saudi Arabia
The infectious bird flu disease (H5N8) has spread to 2 new governorates in the province of Riyadh in Saudi Arabia. New cases of the avian influenza were discovered at Al-Quaiya and Dharma.
The H5N8 disease was 1st discovered at Al-Aziziya Market before hitting the governorates of Al-Kharj and Huraimila.
The Ministry of the Environment, Water and Agriculture reported 8 new cases at a poultry project in Riyadh, which led to the culling of 85 627 birds. The authorities have also culled 1232

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (183): Switzerland (BE) wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- Switzerland
Information received on [and dated] 29 Dec 2017 from Mr Hans Wyss, Chief Veterinary Officer, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, Liebefeld Berne, Switzerland
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 18 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 22 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 22 Mar 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (181): Russia (KT) poultry, HPAI H5N2, OIE

Avian Influenza -- Russia
Information received on 29 Dec 2017 from Dr Evgeny Nepoklonov, deputy head, Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance, Ministry of Agriculture, Moscow, Russia
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 17 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 19 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: new strain of a listed disease in the country
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza
Serotype: H5N2
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (39): relatedness to Canada isolates

E. coli -- United States
CDC, several states, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are investigating a multistate outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing [also called enterohemorrhagic] _E. coli_ O157:H7 infections (STEC [EHEC] O157:H7) in 13 states. 17 illnesses have been reported from California (3), Connecticut (2), Illinois (1), Indiana (1), Michigan (1), Nebraska (1), New Hampshire (2), New York (1), Ohio (1), Pennsylvania (1), Virginia (1), Vermont (1) and Washington (1). Illnesses started on dates from 15 Nov

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PRO/AH/EDR> Fascioliasis - India: (JK)

Fascioliasis -- India
Two patients have tested positive for fascioliasis at Shere-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Soura, doctors said on Tuesday [12 Dec 2017].
The 1st case, a young male patient, is from Sunderwani Pakherpora area of Budgam and was referred to the gastroenterology unit of SKIMS as a liver cancer patient. The patient was treated endoscopically (ERCP) by removing hundreds of live liver flukes from the bile duct.
Fascioliasis is a parasitic worm infection caused by 2 species of

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PRO/EDR> Amoebiasis - Kenya: (ME) RFI

Amebiasis -- Kenya
One person died, while 29 were admitted after a disease outbreak in Tigania West, Meru county.
Cases were reported on Tuesday [26 Dec 2017] afternoon in Kianjai and Mbeu wards, where residents feared a cholera outbreak, but the county health officer reported a case of amoebiasis.
One patient, 95, from Lairang'i died yesterday [27 Dec 2017] afternoon, while his wife and son were admitted at Isiolo hospital with vomiting, abdominal pains and diarrhea.
Residents cited a lack of clean

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PRO/EDR> Measles update (58): Australia, Sweden, Serbia, Nepal

Measles -- Australia
A person with measles at Blacktown Hospital was likely infectious while on 2 commercial flights. The unidentified person, who is now in an isolation ward, presented to the hospital's emergency department at 10pm on [Sun 10 Dec 2017]. They remained in the public area until 3.30am on [Mon 11 Dec 2017].
Western Sydney Local Health District said it was "highly likely" the patient was infectious while travelling on 2 commercial flights from Delhi to Bangkok and then Bangkok to Sydney from [9 Dec

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (47): Pakistan, global (Congo DR)

Polio -- Pakistan
New wild poliovirus cases reported this week: 1
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2017: 20
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2016: 37
New cVDPV cases reported this week: 2
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2017: 86
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2016: 5
Officially reported wild poliovirus cases as of 26 Dec 2017
Total global cases in 2017: 20 (compared with 35 for the same period in 2016)
- Total in endemic countries in 2017: 20 (compared with 35 for the same period in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bovine tuberculosis - USA (11): (NE)

Bovine TB -- United States
According to Nebraska Department of Agriculture (NDA) State Veterinarian Dr. Dennis-Hughes, NDA and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) veterinarians have discovered a bovine tuberculosis (TB) positive cow in a beef cattle herd in Wheeler County. The Nebraska herd was identified through an epidemiological investigation from an infected herd in South Dakota (SD). [This is likely a trace out. In other words this was a trace of an animal having been sold from the herd of origin in SD

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Thursday 28 December 2017

PRO/PL> Undiagnosed sudden decline, apple - USA

Undiagnosed -- United States
In the Northeast [of the US], Canada and North Carolina, young dwarf trees in high-density orchards are dying [see ProMED-mail post http://bit.ly/2Cgt4yl] with increased frequency. The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, Cornell University, University of North Carolina and others have teamed up to solve the mystery of Rapid (or Sudden) Apple Decline (RAD or SAD).
There seems to be some connection to M9 rootstock, although other rootstocks also can be impacted. Fuji,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - India (19): (AD) humans, confirmed

Anthrax -- India
Superintendent A. Krishna Murthy, in charge of King George Hospital (KGH), said on [Wed 27 Dec 2017] that the condition of the 5 anthrax-affected people of Pinapadu village, of Chintapalli mandal, is stable.
5 individuals aged 23, 60, 50, 25 and 30 had consumed stale meat of a cow. They subsequently developed ulcers and lesions and were initially admitted to the Primary Health Centre (PHC) at Lothugedda.
After 4 days of treatment at the PHC, they were shifted to the KGH on Sun evening.

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PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (34): Ukraine, domestic swine, OIE

African Swine Fever -- Ukraine
Information received on [and dated] 15 Dec 2017 from Dr Andrii Zhuk, 1st deputy head of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Production, International Cooperation of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, UKR Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food, Kiev, Ukraine
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 12 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 13 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed

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Wednesday 27 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies (51): Africa (Egypt) Asia (Israel) animal, domestic, wildlife

Rabies -- Egypt
Outbreak summary: Total outbreaks = 14 (Submitted)
[The event started 21 Mar 2017. Date of last [previous] occurrence 1990
Date of submission follow-up report No 4: 25 Dec 2017
Event's summary as of 25 Dec 2017:
Total outbreaks = 14 (Submitted)
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered
Cattle / 14 / 14 / 12 / 2 / 0
Equidae / 4 / 4 / 3 / 1 / 0
Red Fox / na / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[The above summary report

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (180): Bangladesh (DH) crow, HPAI H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Bangladesh
Information received on [and dated] 26 Dec 2017 from Dr Ainul Haque, Director general, Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 25 Nov 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 30 Nov 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 16 Mar 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic influenza

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (179): China (HK) HPAI H5, wild birds

Avian Influenza -- China
Two dead birds found at different locations in Hong Kong tested positive for the H5 avian flu virus on Friday [22 Dec 2017], the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department said.
Further tests are being carried out to confirm the results, while both sites where the birds' bodies were discovered have been thoroughly disinfected, according to authorities.
One of the birds was a black-faced spoonbill, a migratory species common in the mudflats of the wetland park in Tin Shui

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - Kenya (09): (NT) livestock

Rabies, Anthrax -- Kenya
Residents of The Tharaka Nithi County have been put on notice and asked to be cautious when consuming meat this Christmas season if it has not been checked and certified. This happens after cases of an anthrax outbreak were reported following the death of 15 heads of cattle and 14 sheep, that prompted the County Government to embark on a 15-day vaccination campaign.
The county's Ministry of Agriculture has also warned against an outbreak of rabies, asking residents to have their cats and

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (178): Taiwan (TA) poultry, LPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- China
Information received on [and dated] 26 Dec 2017 from Dr Tai-Hwa Shih, Chief Veterinary Officer, Deputy Director General, Bureau of Animal and Plant Health Inspection and Quarantine Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan, Ministry of Agriculture, Taipei, Chinese Taipei
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 19 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 24 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: new strain of a listed disease in the country
Causal agent: Low

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PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (137): Asia (Yemen)

Cholera -- Yemen
1 006 920: Total Cases
2230: Deaths
0.22 percent: Case Fatality Rate
354: Attack Rate / 10 000
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall
[Date (2017) / Cases / Deaths
8 May / 1360 / 25
14 May / 11 000 / 180
21 May / 29 300 / 315
27 May / 51 832 / 471
30 May / 65 300 / 532
6 Jun / 96 000 / 746
14 Jun / 140 116 / 989
21 Jun / 179 548 / 1205
28 Jun / 231 364 / 1439
30 Jun / 240 000 / 1500
7 Jul / 297 438 / 1706
13 Jul / 332 600 / 1759
20 Jul / 368 207 /

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (82): human-animal interface, WHO

Avian Influenza, Influenza H3N2 -- Worldwide/Unknown
New infections: Since the previous update, new human infections with avian influenza A(H5N6), A(H7N9) and A(H9N2) viruses, and swine influenza A(H1N1)v, A(H1N2)v and A(H3N2)v variant viruses were reported.
Risk assessment: The overall public health risk from currently known influenza viruses at the human-animal interface has not changed, and the likelihood of sustained human-to-human transmission of these viruses remains low. Further human infections with viruses of animal origin are

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PRO/AH/EDR> Kyasanur Forest disease - India (16): (KA) fatal

Kyasanur Forest Disease -- India
Tirthahalli taluk [sub district of Shimoga district, Karnataka] is affected again by Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD, also known as monkey fever) after 5 positive cases including one death have been reported in the past week.
[S], 47-year old woman, a resident of Ghantejanagallu village, who complained of high fever, headache, and joint pain, was admitted to J.C. Government Hospital on [16 Dec 2017]. The samples of her blood were sent to a laboratory in Manipal, where it was confirmed that she

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PRO/EDR> Influenza (35): WHO global update, USA, Canada, research agenda, treatment

Influenza -- Worldwide/Unknown
Summary
-------
Influenza activity continued to increase in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere while in the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere activity decreased at inter-seasonal levels. In Central America and the Caribbean, influenza activity remained low. Worldwide, influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses accounted for the majority of influenza detections.
- In North America, overall influenza activity continued to increase in the region, with detections of predominantly

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PRO/PL> Sweet orange scab, citrus - USA: (AL)

Other Plant Disease -- United States
The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently confirmed the first detection of sweet orange scab in Alabama. The fruit sample was collected in Baldwin County by Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries during a delimiting survey for citrus greening disease. Auburn University and USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service confirmed the diagnosis.
The positive plant was found in a residential area. A delimiting survey will be conducted in January 2018 to determine if this is an

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Tuesday 26 December 2017

PRO/PL> Leaf rust, soybean - Brazil: fungicide resistant strains

Other Plant Disease -- Brazil
Over almost 2 decades, Asian rust has infiltrated soybean fields across Brazil. The pathogen has become so resistant to chemicals meant to kill it that many farmers spray several times during their growing seasons, and still endure losses. The chemicals were ineffective almost half the time.
"Resistance [development] has been faster than research" into preventive measures, said Claudia Godoy, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa). There is mounting concern that fungicide

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - India (18): (AD) humans, susp

Anthrax -- India
A total of 5 suspected anthrax cases have been admitted to King George Hospital (KGH) and their samples have been sent to the microbiology department for biopsy. The report will come in 2 days, said Dr G Krishna Murthy, in-charge superintendent of the government hospital. "The 5 persons are from Pinapadu village in Chintapalle mandal. They may have contracted anthrax due to consumption of the meat of an infected animal. The toxins are seen on the hands and at the back of the ears of these

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PRO/EDR> Human enterovirus D68 - Taiwan

Enterovirus 68 -- China
During Week 49 (3-9 Dec) in 2017, 2 severe cases of enterovirus infection were newly confirmed (Figure 1); both of the cases were caused by EVD68. There have been 13 enterovirus infection cases with severe complications (EVSC) in 2017, including one death due to Coxsackie B3 infection. The majority of cases were below 6 years old (Table 1). The cases were caused by EVD68, Coxsackie A6, Coxsackie B3, ECHO 5, Coxsackie A2, and EV71. Figure 2 shows the geographical distribution of these cases

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (177): China (HK) wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- China
The Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) of Hong Kong said (25 Dec 2017) that a dead Oriental magpie robin found in To Lok Road, Tseung Kwan was confirmed to be H5N6 positive after laboratory testing.
The dead Oriental magpie robin was found and collected in 8 To Lok Road, Tseung Kwan O, last Thursday (21 Dec 2017), and was suspected to be H5 positive after initial laboratory testing last Friday (22 Dec 2017). The Oriental magpie robin is a common resident of Hong

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PRO/AH/EDR> Trichomoniasis, avian - UK: (England) bird population declines

Other Animal Disease -- United Kingdom
A much-loved bird is disappearing from UK gardens because of a deadly disease, with numbers more than halving in a decade, new research has warned.
The greenfinch's colourful plumage and distinctive twittering once made it one of our most familiar feathered friends. But numbers have plunged by an alarming 59 per cent in just 10 years, sparking concerns for its very future on these shores, warn bird watchers.
The decline is caused by a widespread and severe outbreak of a disease called

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - UK (03): (Scotland) haggis, risk, recall

Botulism -- United Kingdom
The Farmer's Son in Auchtertool has recalled batches of haggis, black pudding, and white pudding over concerns about the company's procedures to control the bacterium which causes botulism. Customers have been advised not to eat these products and to return them to where they were bought. However, The Farmer's Son reassured the public that no botulism had been detected in any products.
The Food Standards Agency said: "The Farmer's Son is recalling various products because of concerns over

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Monday 25 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (176): South Korea (CB) HPAI H5N6, poultry, spread

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- South Korea
The South Korean government on [Sat 23 Dec 2017] confirmed an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) at a local duck farm.
The H5N6 bird flu was discovered on the farm with 29 000 ducks in Jeongeup,
260 km [161.55 mi approx] south of Seoul, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.
The latest discovery raised the total number of farms contaminated with the
disease to 4, including one in Gochang, 300 km [186.41 mi approx.] southwest of Seoul, and 2 in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (23): Canada (AB) equine

Equine Herpes Virus -- Canada
Below are details pertaining to a newly identified EIA [Equine Infectious Anemia]-affected premises in the province of Alberta. Please note that this information is in addition to what the CFIA [Canadian Food Inspection Agency]already communicates to stakeholders which includes:
- Notification to the relevant provincial veterinary service of any newly affected premises
- Monthly Federally Reportable Disease updates on the CFIA website (10th of each month) - this includes the number of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (175): Iran, HPAI H5N8, poultry

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Iran
Major egg producing Iranian provinces, namely Qazvin, Tehran, Alborz and East Azarbaijan, are dealing with an outbreak of avian flu, which has led to the culling of 16 million chicken and a rise in egg prices, the chairman of the board of directors at Tehran's Union of Producers of Egg-Laying Chicken said.
Nasser Nabipour added that the outbreak has caused losses worth over 20 trillion rials (USD 477.44 million) to production units.
Mohsen Bahrami Arz Aqdas, an official with the Ministry

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis E - Namibia: (Windhoek)

Hepatitis E -- Namibia
The health ministry of Namibia announced this morning [Wed 20 Dec 2017] the death of one person from hepatitis E virus while 26 others tested positive for the virus in Windhoek. According to health minister Bernard Haufiku, 8 more cases are pending as authorities are still waiting for results.
"All 26 patients are from the Windhoek district, but from different residential areas. 16 are from Havana, 6 from Goreangab Dam, while the rest are from Hakana, Greewell Matongo, and Ombili," he said.

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2l6wSHY

PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - EU (05): MSM

Hepatitis A -- Worldwide/Unknown
There have been 950 confirmed cases of hepatitis A across Europe since 29 Sep 2017, warned the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). 22 countries have been affected by the outbreak, including England, Wales, France, Germany, and Italy.
Since the outbreak started in June 2016, 3813 cases of hepatitis A have been confirmed. March 2017 had the highest number of reported cases so far, with 507, ECDC said. The viral infection was mainly affecting "men that have sex with men"

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2kW4j0z

PRO/AH/EDR> Anaplasmosis, human granulocytic - Canada: (AB) 2nd report

Anaplasmosis -- Canada
1. Parkins MD, Church DL, Jiang XY et al. Human granulocytic anaplasmosis: first reported case in Canada. Can J Infect Dis Microbiol 2009; 20(3): e100-e102;
2. Dibernardo A, Cote T, Ogden NH, Lindsay LR. The prevalence of _Borrelia miyamotoi_ infection, and other co-infections with other _Borrelia_ spp in _Ixodes scapularis_ tick collected in Canada. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7: 183;
3. Krakowetz CN, Dibernardo A, Lindsay LR, Chilton NB. Two _Anaplasma phagocytophilum_ strains in _Ixodes

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Sunday 24 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (61)

Hepatitis A -- United States
571 / 20 (3.5 percent) / 390 (68.1 percent)
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall
[Cumulative case data:
Report date / Cases / Hospitalized (percentage) / Deaths (percentage) / New cases per week
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 Apr 2017 / 39 / 33 (85) / 1 (3)
4 May 2017 / 80 / 66 (83) / 3 (4) / 10
31 May 2017 / 133 / 103 (80) / 3 (2) / 14
12 Jun 2017 / 160 / 120 (75) / 4 (2.5) / 18
27 Jun 2017 / 196 / 142 (72) / 4

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PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (136): Africa, WHO

Cholera -- Malawi
1. Guerrant RL, Carneiro-Filho BA and Dillingham RA. Cholera, diarrhea, and oral rehydration therapy: triumph and indictment. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(3):398-405; available at:
2. Gregorio GV, Gonzales ML, Dans LF and Martinez EG. Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD006519. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006519.pub2; available at:
3. Gore SM, Fontaine O and Pierce NF. Impact of rice based oral rehydration solution on

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2BJj7dv

Saturday 23 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> African swine fever - Europe (33): Russia (Crimea), wild boar

African Swine Fever -- Russia
Lab tests found genetic evidence of African swine fever (ASF) in meat samples taken from the corpse of a wild boar, according to Russian veterinary watchdog Rosselkhoznadzor.
The deceased boar was found around 5 kilometres [3.10 miles approx.] southeast of the small town of Stary Krym, which is located in the internationally disputed Russian territory, the Republic of Crimea.
Measures to combat ASF put into effect by Rosselkhoznadzor include the erection of quarantine zones, restrictions

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2BGrwyq

PRO/AH/EDR> Newcastle disease - France: (NC) poultry, pigeon, OIE

Newcastle Disease -- France
Information received on [and dated] 22 Dec 2017 from Dr Loic Evain, Directeur General adjoint, CVO, Direction generale de l'alimentation, Ministere de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Paris, France
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 8 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 20 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 23 Dec 2010
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent:

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - UK (07): (England) O157, ground beef

E. coli -- United Kingdom
We investigated 2 outbreaks of an unusual gastrointestinal illness that affected at least 47 people in Oregon and Michigan in February through March and May through June 1982. The illness was characterized by severe crampy abdominal pain, initially watery diarrhea followed by grossly bloody diarrhea, and little or no fever. It was associated with eating at restaurants belonging to the same fast-food restaurant chain in Oregon (P less than 0.005) and Michigan (P equal to 0.0005) and with eating

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PRO/EDR> Norovirus - UK: (England) nosocomial, shellfish source

Norovirus -- United Kingdom
We review the risk of norovirus (NoV) infection to the human population from consumption of contaminated shellfish. From a UK perspective, risk is apportioned for different vectors of NoV infection within the population. NoV spreads mainly by person-to-person contact or via unsanitary food handling. NoV also enters the coastal zone via wastewater discharges resulting in contamination of shellfish waters. Typically, NoV persists in the marine environment for several days, with its presence

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (174): Saudi Arabia (RI) poultry, HPAI H5N8, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Saudi Arabia
Information received on [and dated] 22 Dec 2017 from Dr Ali Al Doweriej, Director General of Veterinary Health and Monitoring Department, Veterinary Health and Monitoring Department, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, RIYADH, Saudi Arabia
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 19 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 20 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 29 Jan 2008
Causal

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PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (60): (WY)

Hepatitis A -- United States
Health officials are investigating a rise in hepatitis A cases in Natrona County, the Wyoming Health Department announced [Wed 20 Dec 2017]. Authorities have so far confirmed 5 cases among residents of the county, the health department said. Before that, the last hepatitis A infection in the area occurred in 2012, said Clay Van Houten, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Program manager with the health department. Typically, only 2 hepatitis A cases are reported annually in all of Wyoming, he

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2BXw4gL

PRO/AH/EDR> Crimean-Congo hem. fever - Afghanistan (03): 2017 cases, WHO

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- Afghanistan
The Ministry of Public Health in Afghanistan recently reported an increase in the number of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases in the country. In 2017, a total of 237 cases of CCHF including 41 deaths (CFR: 17.2 percent) have been reported throughout 27 provinces. Majority of these cases -- 71 cases including 13 associated deaths (CFR: 18.3 percent), were reported from the capital city, Kabul.
In 2017, the total number of cases reported is 237 including 41 deaths (CFR: 17.2

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Africa (16): Nigeria, WHO

Yellow Fever -- Nigeria
The response to the outbreak is being coordinated by a multi-agency, multi-partner Incident Management Center and an Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) has been established to monitor the outbreak. An EOC has also been established in Kwara state and off-site support is being provided in Zamfara state. From [Mon 18 Sep through Fri 20 Oct 2017], rapid response teams (including epidemiologists and entomologists) from NCDC and WHO were deployed to support local authorities investigate this event

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2DDu1yx

PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed foodborne paralytic illness - New Zealand (02): (WK) NOT botulism

Botulism, Undiagnosed -- New Zealand
The 1st round of tests to discover what caused a family to become comatose after eating a wild boar curry has come back negative for botulism. Discharge notes of one member of the family have been posted on YouTube by TV Wild show. They state the initial testing from a Queensland laboratory has returned negative for botulism.
A family friend told TV Wild the family was now awaiting the results of further tests to find out what left the couple and the husband's mother fighting for their

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Friday 22 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Yemen (05): fatal, WHO

Diphtheria -- Yemen
The response has focused on providing guidance and support for the clinical management of cases and contacts, establishing referral pathways and isolation units, supporting laboratory confirmation of suspected cases, providing medicines and medical supplies, vaccinating children and young adults in high-risk areas, and engaging with communities on all aspects of the outbreak, including the treatment and prevention of diphtheria cases.
Coordination and operations

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PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV (77): Saudi Arabia, camels, human, epidemiology, assessment

MERS -- Saudi Arabia
Ref: Dudas G, Carvalho LM, Rambaut A et al. MERS-CoV spillover at the camel-human interface. bioRxiv preprint first posted online 10 Aug 2017; doi: http://bit.ly/2kJJzJg.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic virus from camels causing significant mortality and morbidity in humans in the Arabian Peninsula. The epidemiology of the virus remains poorly understood, and while case-based and seroepidemiological studies have been employed

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Agona - France (04): infant formula, WHO, worldwide recall

Salmonella -- France
On [Sat 2 Dec 2017], an increase of cases infected with the _Salmonella_ Agona strain was identified by health authorities in France in young children aged under 6 months. Subsequent investigations identified an outbreak of _Salmonella enterica_ serovar Agona associated with infant formula products manufactured by the Lactalis Nutrition Sante group in France.
As of [Thu 21 Dec 2017], 35 confirmed cases of _S._ Agona infections among infants aged less than 6 months have been identified in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Brazil (03): (MG) fatal

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever -- Brazil
Brazilian spotted fever is a disease transmitted by a tick of the species _Amblyomma cajennense_ infected by the bacterium _Rickettsia rickettsia_. This hematophagous tick can be found in large animals (bulls, horses, etc.), dogs, poultry, rodents and especially in capybara, the largest of all natural reservoirs.
Transmission
------------
For transmission of the disease, the infected tick needs to stay at least for a number of hours fixed on people's skin. The younger and smaller ticks

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PRO/EDR> Meningitis, meningococcal - USA (07): (OR) college, sg B

Meningitis - Neisseria -- United States
A 6th case in a meningococcal disease outbreak on the Corvallis campus of Oregon State University [OSU] prompted school officials to require all students under age 25 be vaccinated for meningococcal B disease by [15 Feb 2018]. School officials did not detail how they would enforce the vaccination requirement but indicated they would have rules that could not be easily circumvented. "If you are not vaccinated against this disease and you are a student on that campus, you are at risk for

Read more about it at HealthMap Global Disease Alerts via http://bit.ly/2kWtpvw

PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV (76): Saudi Arabia (MK) WHO

MERS -- Saudi Arabia
Between [31 Oct 2017 and 8 Dec 2017], the National IHR Focal Point of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia reported 18 additional cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, including 5 deaths. Additionally, 2 deaths from a previously reported case were reported to WHO.
Details of the cases
MERS-CoV case reported between [31 Oct 2017 and 8 Dec 2017]
Case no. / Date of notification to WHO / City of residence / Age / Sex / Health care worker / Comorbidities /

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - Canada (14): O157, lettuce, fatal

E. coli -- Canada
Internalization of food-borne bacteria into edible parts of fresh produce plants represents a serious health risk. Therefore, internalization of verocytotoxigenic _E. coli_ O157:H7 isolate Sakai was assessed in 2 species associated with outbreaks, spinach (_Spinacia oleracea_) and lettuce (_Lactuca sativa_) and compared to the model species _Nicotiana benthamiana_. Internalization occurred in the leaves and roots of spinach and lettuce throughout a 10 day time-course. The plant species, tissue

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Recalls: Listeria, Salmonella and allergens

Recalls and alerts were made by UK, US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland.

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Recalls: Listeria, Salmonella and allergens

Recalls and alerts were made by UK, US, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland.

Read more about it at FoodQualityNews RSS via http://bit.ly/2CUYcjJ

Thursday 21 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Hantavirus - Americas (59): Brazil (RS) yellow fever NOT

Hantavirus -- Brazil
The State Center for Health Surveillance (CEVS) today stated that a yellow fever case in the Candelria municipality was discarded as such. The Instituto Adolfo Lutz in Sao Paulo confirmed that case was a hantavirus [infection], an acute disease caused by a virus. In Brazil, hantavirus [infections] occur as cardiopulmonary syndromes. In the initial phase, symptoms are fever, arthralgia, headache, back pain, abdominal pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. In the cardiopulmonary phase there is

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PRO/EDR> Mumps update (36): USA (HI) school

Mumps -- United States
A total of 5 people have fallen ill with mumps at Kamaile Academy, and there are 2 additional suspect cases, prompting officials to start the school's winter break early and extend it by 5 days. Officials said winter break at the public charter school in Waianae would begin [Tue 19 Dec 2017] and continue through [16 Jan 2018]. The school said starting the winter break 2 days early and extending it by a week "will allow us to get past the 25-day incubation period" for mumps.
So far in 2017,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Plague - Madagascar (37): fatal

Plague -- Madagascar
Although an unusual spike in plague infections in Madagascar was deemed to be contained a few weeks ago, the country continues to report a declining number of cases, with 33 more reported for the week ending 10 Dec 2017, the WHO's Regional Office for Africa said in its latest weekly health emergencies update. 4 of the illnesses were fatal.
The disease is endemic in Madagascar, which typically sees a seasonal rise from September to April. However, the country this fall experienced a steep

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PRO/EDR> Botulism - Sweden: (VG) susp imported beef, recall

Botulism -- Sweden
A total of 4 people in a family in Gothenburg suffered from botulism, a very rare but dangerous type of food poisoning. For this reason, Eldsberga chark recalls its product "Suha Bosan Point", Smoked beef from Bosnia in Swedish.
The meat, totaling more than 40 kg [approx. 88 lb] - with Holland as its country of origin, - has been sold in bulk at, among other places, the Orient House between that [7 and 20 Nov 2017]. The meat has also been found in sandwiches sold by a baguette cafe.
Sime

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (173): Saudi Arabia (RI), poultry, HPAI H5N8, 1st case

Avian Influenza H5N8 -- Saudi Arabia
Today [20 Dec 2017] Saudi Arabia's MEWA (Ministry of Environment, Water, and Agriculture) announced the detection of Highly Pathogenic H5N8 among birds at a market in Riyadh.
While other Middle Eastern countries (Iran, Israel, Egypt, etc.) have reported HPAI H5N8 [virus] over the past year [2017], this is - as far as I can determine - the 1st outbreak in poultry in KSA [see comment].
MEWA published on [Wed 20 Dec 2017], the following "Statement on the emergence of avian influenza (H5N8)

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (46): global (Pakistan, Afghanistan), Lake Chad Region

Polio -- Pakistan
New wild poliovirus cases reported this week: 2
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2017: 19
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2016: 37
New cVDPV cases reported this week: 0
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2017: 84
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2016: 5
Headlines
- Summary of newly-reported viruses this week:
Afghanistan:
- 1 new case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) reported in Kandahar province.
- 1 new WPV1 positive environmental sample reported, collected from

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (172): South Korea (CB, CN) HPAI H5N6, surveillance, epidemiology

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- South Korea
South Korea's quarantine agency said [Wed 20 Dec 2017] at least 2 strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza have entered the nation via migratory birds this winter [2017-18].
The Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA) announced the results of DNA analysis into viruses detected at 2 duck farms in Gochang [North Jeolla province] and Yeongam [South Jeolla Province].
The virus discovered in Gochang on [19 Nov 2017] was the H5N6 bird flu, which arose from the reassortment between a

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PRO/AH/EDR> Angiostrongylus cantonensis - USA (05): (HI) reservoir

Other Human Disease -- United States
Abstract
--------
The nematode _Angiostrongylus cantonensis_ is a zoonotic pathogen and the etiological agent of human angiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease.
Hawai'i, particularly east Hawai'i Island, is the epicenter for angiostrongyliasis in the USA.
Rats (_Rattus_ spp) are the definitive hosts while gastropods are intermediate hosts. The main objective of this study was to collect adult _A. cantonensis_ from wild rats to isolate protein for the development of a blood-based

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PRO/AH/EDR> Pilchard orthomyxovirus - Australia: (TS) farmed salmon

Other Animal Disease -- Australia
Australian salmon farmer Petuna has culled around 100 000 fish in its Macquarie Harbour [West Coast region of Tasmania] farms in response to an outbreak of pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV).
POMV has been a reoccurring issue for Tasmania's salmon industry and has led to hundreds of thousands of fish deaths in recent years.
The cull was undertaken to prevent the spread of POMV, and was only detected in the company's juvenile stock, the firm said.
This comes after Petuna recorded a slight

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - China: (GS) bovine, human, query mosquito

Anthrax -- China
Two cases of cutaneous anthrax which started on the right forearm and progressed are described in a case report published online [12 Dec 2017] in the International Journal of Dermatology.
Hai-Ling Yuan, from Lanzhou General Hospital in China, and colleagues present 2 cases of human cutaneous anthrax that began in the right forearm and progressed. The patients were both bitten by mosquitoes -- one while in contact with a sick cow and the other while slaughtering infected cattle.
The

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Palestinian Auth (06): (WE) ovine/caprine, st O, tt EA-3

Foot and Mouth -- Palestinian Authority
On [Thu 14 Dec 2017], samples derived from a dead lamb in Siai'r, near Hebron, were forwarded to the FMD laboratory at the Kimron Veterinary Institute [KVI]. A report to the OIE had notified 3 outbreaks of FMD in the villages of el-Shuyukh, Bani Nai'm, and Kharas [forwarded by the Palestinian Veterinary Services on [Wed 13 Dec 2017]; see comment].
On [Fri 15 Dec 2017], FMD virus was isolated from the samples. Serotyping not yet available.
A restriction zone of 10 km [about 6.2 mi] radius

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Americas (02): PAHO epidemiological update

Diphtheria -- Brazil
Between epidemiological week (EW) 1 and EW 49 of 2017 [1 Jan-8 Dec 2017], Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela reported confirmed diphtheria cases. The following is a summary for each country.
Brazil
------
In Brazil, up to EW 49 of 2017, 14 states reported a total of 42 suspected diphtheria cases, including 4 [1] which were confirmed in Acre, Minas Gerais, Roraima, and Sao Paulo states; 1 by laboratory testing and 3 by clinical criteria. Out of

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Bangladesh (03): (CG) fatal, susp, Rohingya, ex Myanmar

Diphtheria -- Bangladesh
The World Health Organization (WHO) said on [Tue 19 Dec 2017], 21 people died of diphtheria in Rohingya [refugee] camps in Bangladesh, where a 2nd vaccination campaign has begun, [launched on 17 Dec 2017, this time targeting minors aged 7 to 15].
According to the WHO, between [10 Nov and 17 Dec 2017], 1571 suspected cases of this disease were reported in the camps of Cox's Bazar, in [Chittagong division] southeastern Bangladesh, which host some 655 000 Rohingyas.
"About 20 percent of

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Wednesday 20 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Tick-bite fever - Nepal (02)

Fever -- Nepal


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PRO/AH/EDR> Monkeypox - Africa (20): Nigeria

Monkeypox -- Nigeria
Key Indicators and numbers:
- Total suspected cases 172
- Total deaths 1
- Confirmed cases 61
- Total samples received for diagnosis 160
- States that have reported at least one suspected case (including FCT) 23
- Health worker infection 1
Highlights
- The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) continued to coordinate the response through its activated Emergency Operations Centre (EOC)
- However, the monkeypox EOC has been deactivated this week and the response will

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, avian - USA: (OR) songbird

Salmonella -- United States
The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) urged people to keep their bird feeders clean and free of bacteria so wild birds stay healthy this winter. Calls to ODFW from Oregon bird lovers seeing dead birds in their yard and around their feeders are increasing with colder weather, the agency said.
Testing by the Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory identified the cause of one recent bird die-off at a feeder in Corvallis as a bacterial infection from salmonella.
_Salmonella_, _E.

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PRO/EDR> Legionellosis - Europe (14): Spain (PM) fatal, resort, investigation closed

Legionnaires' -- Spain
An outbreak of legionnaires' disease in Majorca [Balearic Islands], which claimed the life of a British tourist and affected 19 other British holidaymakers has been traced to a hotel jacuzzi. Health officials on the island revealed they had identified the source in a statement in which they said they were closing their investigation.
They revealed in mid-October [2017] that a 70-year-old British man had died in hospital in the island capital Palma after going down with the illness. Regional

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FAO and WHO network involved as infant formula recalls impacts 45 countries

A network managed by FAO and WHO is involved in trying to prevent further infections in the Salmonella outbreak from Lactalis infant formula.

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Beef linked to four botulism cases in Sweden

Swedish authorities are investigating four cases of botulism possibly from smoked beef.

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Tuesday 19 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Oranienburg - USA: (KS) ex Mexico, rattlesnake pills

Salmonella -- United States
The CDC and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment have linked one person's _Salmonella [enterica_ serotype] Oranienburg infection to taking rattlesnake pills. Rattlesnake pills are often marketed as remedies for various conditions, such as cancer and HIV infection. These pills contain dehydrated rattlesnake meat ground into a powder and put into pill form. CDC recommends that you talk to your health care provider if you are considering taking rattlesnake pills, especially if you are

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (45): Pakistan, Afghanistan, Gabon

Polio -- Pakistan
Shahwalikot, a district in southern Afghanistan that is largely controlled by the Taliban, has the sad distinction of being the polio capital of the world. Four new cases have been reported there this year [2017], out of 20 worldwide - the indirect consequence of a war that is also killing and maiming children in increasingly large numbers.
On Monday [18 Dec 2017], vaccinators began another dangerous attempt to immunize children in Shahwalikot, as the United Nations urgently appealed to all

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (171): China (ZJ) HPAI H7N9, poultry, human

Avian Influenza H7N9 -- China
1. Cheng W, Wang X, Shen Y, et al. Comparison H7N9 epidemiological characteristics. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2017; Accepted manuscript online: 15 Dec 2017; .
- Mod.AS
Maps of China: and ]
[See Also:
Avian influenza, human (81): China (YN) H7N9 http://bit.ly/2yYjhYc
Avian influenza, human (77): China, H7N9, WHO http://bit.ly/2hLmZlz
Avian influenza, human (75): China, H7N9, pandemic potential

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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (22): USA (WA) equine

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
The Washington State Department of Agriculture confirmed an equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) neurotropic genome strain in a horse in King County in Washington state. The 13-year-old Halflinger gelding has no neurologic signs at this time.
The facility is under quarantine and the remaining horses are having their temperatures taken twice daily and strict biosecurity practices are in place as well.
The Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC; ) works to protect horses and the horse

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Monday 18 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Rhinovirus infection, chimpanzee - Uganda: (Kibale Natl Park) fatal

Cold -- Uganda
A virus that makes humans suffer colds is attributed to the death of chimpanzees in Uganda that were killed by a respiratory disease, a US study published [Wed 13 Dec 2017] showed.
Researchers from the US University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) did field studies and were surprised to find that a human "common cold" virus known as rhinovirus C had triggered an outbreak of a respiratory disease in a community of wild chimpanzees in Uganda's Kibale National Park [in western Uganda], which killed

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PRO/AH/EDR> Marburg virus disease - Uganda (08): resolved

Marburg Fever -- Uganda
Backed by a Sh 3.5 billion [about USD 980 000] outbreak response, Uganda has contained the recent Marburg viral disease outbreak and declared the country free of the infectious disease. The declaration comes after completion of 42 days of the post-Marburg surveillance countdown period for the contacts of the last confirmed case, as per the World Health Organization (WHO) requirement for declaring an end to an outbreak of any viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF). "Today [17 Dec 2017], marks 42 days

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PRO/EDR> Norovirus - USA (07): (FL cruise ship, MT)

Norovirus -- United States
Royal Caribbean cruise line officials reported that there were 220 cases of a stomach virus on board the Independence of the Seas after it departed from Port Everglades [Broward county, Florida] on [Mon 11 Dec 2017]. The ship returned to Port Everglades on [Sat 16 Dec 2017, and] many passengers relieved they were on dry land after a 5-night cruise to the Caribbean.
A passenger on board the ship told WSVN 7 News that people began to show symptoms of the gastrointestinal illness on [Wed 13

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Sunday 17 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Pertussis (12): USA, Canada

Whooping Cough -- United States
There have been 12 cases of whooping cough in the county [Mesa County, Colorado] since November of this year [2017], that's according to Mesa County Public Health. They say during this time last year [2016], there was just one case of the contagious respiratory disease.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts

[Mesa County, with a population of 146 723 in 2010, is in the U.S. state of Colorado; the county seat is Grand Junction (). Mesa County can be found on a map of

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Venezuela (05): more cases

Diphtheria -- Venezuela
In 2017, Venezuela has reported 609 probable cases of diphtheria through the end of November [2017]. In addition to the 324 cases, which occurred since the summer [of 2016] to the end of 2016, the South American country has recorded 933 cases.
The outbreak began in July 2016 in Sifontes municipality, Bolivar state and has since spread to 21 other states in the country. In 2017, the country has reported a more than 20 percent fatality rate. 227 cases were laboratory-confirmed (by isolation

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PRO/AH> Avian influenza (170): Asia, Europe, migratory birds, poultry, HPAI H5N6 comment

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- Worldwide/Unknown
In the above post, the following comment was made by a moderator: "The leading role of migrating birds and their contacts with poultry in the creation and dissemination of new avian influenza reassortants -- including zoonotic ones -- becomes steadily clearer and recognisable."
That wild birds carry all known types of avian influenza has been long known. That migrating birds can and do carry these viruses wherever they travel, both locally and longer distance migrations, is also something

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PRO/EDR> Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) - Canada: congenital

Chagas -- Canada
Highlights
Congenitally acquired Chagas disease has rarely been reported in Canada (1,2). Although it is difficult to confirm, we hypothesized that these 3 adults with polymerase chain reaction-positive, indeterminate Chagas disease acquired their infection congenitally, as they were born in Canada, spent small periods of time in an endemic area (fewer than 3 months cumulatively) and were born to a mother who was parasitemic and never treated for Chagas disease.
Since Canadian Blood

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PRO/EDR> Hand, foot & mouth disease update (13): Ireland, WHO Western Pacific Region

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease -- Ireland
This surveillance summary includes information from countries and areas where transmission of HFMD occurs and case counts are routinely reported.
Countries in the temperate zone.
----------------------------
China (no update). Between 1 and 31 Oct 2017, a total of 263 311 cases of HFMD including one death were reported in China. There was an increasing trend of HFMD cases, slightly above the season trend of the previous 5 years (2012 to 2016) (Figure 1).
Japan. The number of HFMD

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PRO/EDR> Leprosy - India: case finding

Leprosy -- India
An alarming number of new leprosy cases has become a cause of concern to officials.
The centre had set a target for eradication by 2018. A total of 719 cases were detected in 5 districts across the state [Andhra Pradesh], where they conducted a Leprosy Case Detection Campaign (LCDC) in November [2017].
In fact, the state had earlier ended the leprosy campaign by 2005 as cases had reached a nominal of one per 10 000 cases. [WHO has defined the elimination of leprosy as a public health

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PRO/AH/EDR> Listeriosis - South Africa (04): fatal, increasing incidence

Listeriosis -- South Africa
In a follow-up on the listeriosis outbreak in South Africa, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) puts the number of laboratory-confirmed cases at 602 nationally as of 13 Dec 2017, including 40 deaths.
Six out of 10 cases have been reported from Gauteng Province, while Western Cape and KwaZulu-Natal accounted for an additional 20 percent of cases.
The Minister of Health convened a multisectoral meeting on 14 Dec 2017 with representatives from the Department of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (16): (MT, MI) disease expansion

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United States
From 1998 to 2016, Montana tested more than 17 000 wild deer, elk and moose for CWD. There were no positive tests until this fall [2017].
A mule deer buck shot by a hunter 12 Nov 2017. north of Chester on the Hi-Line near the Canadian border has tested positive for chronic wasting disease, according to Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks.
The deer was taken in hunting district 401 in Liberty County, in very remote country fewer than 10 miles from the state's border with Canada, said Bruce

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PRO> White spot syndrome (05): Australia (QL) prawns

Other Animal Disease -- Australia
A major biosecurity failure likely led to an outbreak of white spot disease in Queensland that cost prawn farmers more than USD 40 million, Australia's inspector-general of biosecurity has found.
Helen Scott-Orr's report, released today [11 Dec 2017], details a litany of failings in biosecurity that led to the outbreak of white spot disease in Logan River prawn farms in south-east Queensland, in October 2016.
Dr Scott-Orr said the failed import biosecurity system had allowed huge

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PRO/AH/EDR> Equine herpesvirus - North America (21): USA (CT) equine

Equine Herpes Virus -- United States
A horse in Bethany, Connecticut has tested positive for equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), and tests on additional horses are pending, the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) reported on 11 Dec. 2017.
"Clinical signs were seen on 5 Dec 2017 in a private facility," the EDCC statement said. "One horse was confirmed positive at Cornell University (in Ithaca, New York) on 10 Dec 2017. Currently a 4-year old Quarter Horse mare was confirmed positive, and tests on a 20-year old, a 14-year old,

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Saturday 16 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Brucellosis - Israel (02): melitensis, bovine

Brucellosis -- Israel
_Brucella melitensis_ has been isolated from an aborted fetus submitted to the laboratory by the veterinary practitioner of a dairy farm in the Moshav (collective village) Gilat, west of Beer Sheva. Concurrently, another dairy farm in the same village was found infected when a cow, presenting a (160 days old) mummified fetus, reacted CF positive. Both farms have been put under quarantine. Subsequently, both herds were tested leading to the culling of 42 head out of 421 cattle in one farm, and

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PRO/AH/EDR> Schmallenberg virus - Europe (06): Ireland (Midlands), bovine, susp.

Schmallenberg -- Ireland
A dairy herd which had milk drop, pyrexia (fever) and severely reduced fertility was investigated by Athlone Regional veterinary laboratories (RVL).
The milk drop and raised temperatures had been occurring for a number of weeks, a report by the laboratory and seen by FarmIreland details.
It also found that the cows showed depression and there was a drop in their milk yield for 4 or 5 days before returning to normal without any treatment.
Schmallenberg virus [SBV] infection was

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PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (135): Asia (Yemen)

Cholera -- Yemen
There are currently [almost] one million people infected with cholera in wartorn Yemen, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced on [Wed 13 Dec 2017]. Some 2225 people have died on the disease since [Thu 27 Apr 2017], it added.
The UN organization issued a report stating that as of [Mon 11 Dec 2017], there were 983 486 cases of Cholera in Yemen. The organization also noted that during the same period, it recorded 2225 deaths caused by the disease, spread across 21 of the country's 22

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Friday 15 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (44): (Australia), pos. environmental sample, iVDPV2 iden.

Environmental, Polio -- Australia
We received a rapid reply to our query on the results of genetic testing of the poliovirus type 2 isolated in environmental samples taken from the Western Sewage Treatment Plant in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The poliovirus isolate was genetically characterized as most probably an immunodeficiency-related vaccine derived poliovirus (an iVDPV). The genetic characterization was suggestive of chronic carriage for several years with no relationship to prior or present cVDPV

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PRO/AH/EDR> Lumpy skin disease - Europe (09): Russia (OB) bovine, OIE

Lumpy Skin Disease -- Russia
Information received on 15 Dec 2017 from Dr Evgeny Nepoklonov, Vice-minister, Ministry of Agriculture, Moscow, Russia
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 10 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 12 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: Recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 15 Nov 2017
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Lumpy skin disease virus
Nature of diagnosis: Clinical, Laboratory (advanced)
This

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - Canada (13): O157, lettuce, fatal

E. coli -- Canada
Internalization of food-borne bacteria into edible parts of fresh produce plants represents a serious health risk. Therefore, internalization of verocytotoxigenic _E. coli_ O157:H7 isolate Sakai was assessed in 2 species associated with outbreaks, spinach (_Spinacia oleracea_) and lettuce (_Lactuca sativa_) and compared to the model species _Nicotiana benthamiana_. Internalization occurred in the leaves and roots of spinach and lettuce throughout a 10 day time-course. The plant species, tissue

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (169): Netherlands (GE) wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- Netherlands
Information received on [and dated] 15 Dec 2017 from Dr Christianne Bruschke, chief veterinary officer, Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Hague, Netherlands
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 9 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 13 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 16 May 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic influenza A virus
Serotype:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Plague - China : (GS) septicemic, fatal

Plague -- China
Health authorities in Gansu province have confirmed the death of a patient from septicemic plague -- a rare disease in China -- and strict control and prevention measures are being imposed. The patient, a herder from Jiuquan's Subei Mongolian autonomous county, died on [Tue 12 Dec 2017] afternoon, despite efforts by medical personnel, according to a statement by the Gansu Health and Family Planning Commission on [Wed 13 Dec 2017].The patient's gender was not disclosed. Experts said tests had

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (43): (Australia), positive environmental sample, RFI

Environmental, Polio -- Australia
The polio virus has been detected in Melbourne's sewerage system, prompting health authorities to issue a warning about the importance of vaccinations.
The childhood disease once killed or paralysed thousands of young people each year, but a global effort to eradicate the virus has all but wiped it out.
On [Fri 15 Dec 2017], Victoria's acting chief health officer Dr Brett Sutton announced polio had been detected in tiny concentrations as part of routine testing of pre-treated sewerage at

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PRO/AH/EDR> Toxic algae - New Zealand (03) family pets

Algae -- New Zealand
Those gearing up for a summer of cooling off in their favourite local swimming hole are being warned to check 1st for signs of blue green algae.
The toxic cyanobacteria _Phormidium_ spp has been coating riverbeds and lakes in a thick black mat for the past decade.
It has a similar level of toxicity to cobra venom - just a teaspoon of it can kill a 25 kg [55.11 pounds] dog - and so far about 100 family pets had fallen victim to it in New Zealand.
No part of the country had been spared

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PRO/AH/EDR> Canine distemper, zoo & wildlife - India: big cats

Canine distemper -- India
With the deadly canine distemper virus (CDV) killing tigers, leopards and lions in many forest areas and zoos across the country, the scientists at Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) will recommend officials to use recombinant CDV vaccine available in US.
As currently there is no vaccination available for CDV in India, big cats of Dudhwa Tiger Reserve, Delhi Zoo, Etawah Lion Safari, and Sakkarbaug Zoo died after they were infected with the virus.
Red Pandas in Gangtok were also

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PRO/EDR> Chikungunya (49): Pakistan

Chikungunya -- Pakistan
At least 10 more chikungunya suspected cases were reported in Karachi, taking the number of reported cases to 4078 in the city since 1 Jan 2017.
According to a report issued by Health Department Sindh, a total of 4808 suspected chikungunya cases have been reported throughout Sindh province; out of them, 4078 were from Karachi and 730 from other districts of the province. A total of 26 chikungunya suspected cases have been reported in Karachi this month [December 2017] so far. No deaths were

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leptospirosis - Dominican Republic (02): fatal, cases rise

Leptospirosis -- Dominican Republic
Some 62 people have died so far this year [2017] in the Dominican Republic because of leptospirosis, 7 more than in the same period of the previous year, the Ministry of Public Health reported today [13 Dec 2017].
A report from the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health stated that in the last registered epidemiological week, from 19 to 25 Nov 2017, 14 suspected cases of leptospirosis were reported, for a total of 59 cases in the last 4 weeks, including 9

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PRO/AH/EDR> Plague - USA (15) (CO): canine

Plague -- United States
A dog that was being treated at Colorado State University (CSU) was diagnosed with plague and euthanized on Friday [8 Dec 2017]. The CSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital notified faculty, staff, and students on Monday [11 Dec 2017].
Local media reports that this was the 7th case of plague in a domestic animal in Colorado this year [2017].
Officials say they have taken all of the steps to directly notify anyone who may have been exposed to the bacteria, either directly at the hospital or who

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot rot, ovine - Australia (03): (WA)

Other Animal Disease -- Australia
Five properties across the Great Southern and central Wheatbelt regions have been put under quarantine after the detection of virulent foot rot, discovered in sheep sent to a Great Southern abattoir.
The quarantine restrictions are in place to stop a further spread of the disease, and Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development (DPIRD) officers are working with each property owner to develop a plan to manage the disease in their flocks.
The properties could be under

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Thursday 14 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Palestinian Auth (05): (WE) ovine/caprine, st not typed, OIE

Foot and Mouth -- Palestinian Authority
Information received on [and dated] 13 Dec 2017 from Dr Iyad Adra, Director General of Veterinary Services & Animal Health, CVO, Ministry of Agriculture, Ramallah, Palestinian Auton. Territories
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 13 Nov 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 13 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 1 Aug 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and

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PRO> Diphtheria - Bangladesh (02): fatal, susp, Rohingya refugees ex Myanmar, comment

Diphtheria -- Bangladesh
Regarding the current outbreak of diphtheria in Bangladesh among Royingya refugees from Myanmar, both countries have experienced strikingly similar disease incidence and vaccination uptake for several decades [1,2]. (see graph at )
References:
1. Berger S. Diphtheria: Global Status, 2017.�347 pages, 447 graphs, 533 references. Gideon e-books,
2. Gideon e-Gideon multi-graph tool,
--
Communicated by:
Dr. Steve Berger
Geographic Medicine
Tel Aviv Medical Center
Tel Aviv,

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (42): global (Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria)

Polio -- Pakistan
New wild poliovirus cases reported this week: 1
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2017: 17
Total number of wild poliovirus cases in 2016: 37
New cVDPV cases reported this week: 4
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2017: 84
Total number of cVDPV cases in 2016: 5
Headlines
- New on : Technical advisory groups met last week to review progress made to eradicate polio in Pakistan and Afghanistan, and advise on the way forward to further improve the quality of programme implementation

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Americas (66): PAHO/WHO

Yellow Fever -- Brazil
Between January 2016 and December 2017, 7 countries and territories of the Region of the Americas reported confirmed cases of yellow fever: the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, and Suriname. The number of human cases and epizootics collectively reported in this period in the Region of the Americas is the highest observed in decades. The observed increase is as much related to an ecosystem favorable to the dissemination of the virus as to the

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PRO/EDR> Streptococcus group A, scarlet fever - China: (HK) increased cases

Scarlet Fever -- China
1. Walker MJ and Brouwer S. Scarlet fever makes a comeback. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 27. pii: S1473-3099(17)30694-1, abstract available at:
.
2. Lamagni T, Guy R, Chand M et al: Resurgence of scarlet fever in England, 2014-2016: population-based surveillance study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Nov 27. pii: S1473-3099(17)30693-X, abstract available at:
. - Mod.ML
HealthMap/ProMED-mail map:
Hong Kong: .]
[See Also:
Streptococcus, group A, scarlet fever - UK: (England)

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PRO/PL> Frosty pod rot, cocoa - Jamaica: spread

Other Plant Disease -- Jamaica
Trading, transportation, and processing of cocoa pods and other planting material across parish borders has been suspended with immediate effect, an emergency strategy aimed at curtailing the spread of the deadly frosty pod disease.
Clarendon is the worst-affected parish, the crop is almost entirely infected. St Mary is also badly affected, with Portland and St Thomas the only places where the disease has not yet been detected. The fungus now threatens to wipe out cocoa cultivation. "The

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PRO/EDR> Varicella update (02): India, USA (MN)

Chicken Pox -- India
As many as 13 students have been reportedly affiliated with chickenpox at Madarsa Syed Aadm, near Banur village, raising fear of an epidemic in the locality. Sources said all children in the grip of the disease were in the age group of 6-12 years.
The Health Department said that according to the survey and case history, the 1st case of chickenpox was reported on [11 Nov 2017]. The child was sent back to his native place in Saharanpur.
A team of the Health Department after screening the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Mozambique: (TE) bovine, serotype not typed, OIE

Foot and Mouth -- Mozambique
Information received on [and dated] 13 Dec 2017 from Dr Americo Da Conceicao, national director, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Maputo, Mozambique.
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 23 Nov 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 23 Nov 2017
Reason for notification: first occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: not typed
Nature of diagnosis:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Invasive mosquito - Spain: (CN)

Other Human Disease -- Canary Islands [Spain]
The mosquito that spreads the potentially deadly dengue and yellow fever viruses has been discovered in the Canary Islands at the start of its high season.
Regional health officials sounded the alarm after discovering _Aedes_ type mosquitoes behind the spread of the painful diseases on the holiday island of Fuerteventura. The insect - _Aedes aegypti_ - can also spread other viruses common in tropical and sub-tropical areas including Zika fever [virus], Mayaro and Chikungunya which has no

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PRO/AH/EDR> Pneumonia, ovine - USA: (AK,WY) wild ungulates, alert

Pneumonia -- United States
_Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae_ isn't a commonly used name in Alaska but this little pathogen has been a topic of considerable discussion and debate recently. First off, _M. ovipneumoniae_ isn't very fun to spell, so let's just call it "Movi".
Second, you're probably wondering just what Movi is and why it's important. It's a bacterium that commonly lives in the upper respiratory tracts of domestic sheep and goats, often causing mild respiratory disease. Infections in adults are typically not

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Bangladesh: fatal, susp, Rohingya refugee camp, ex Myanmar, WHO

Diphtheria -- Bangladesh
From 3 Nov 2017 through 12 Dec 2017, a total of 804 suspected diphtheria cases including 15 deaths were reported among the displaced Rohingya population in Cox's Bazar (Figure 1 [Epidemic curve: Number of diphtheria cases among the displaced Rohingya population in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh reported by date of illness onset from 3 Nov 2017 through 12 Dec 2017 available at source URL]).
Of the suspected cases, 73 percent are younger than 15 years of age and 60 percent females (the sex for 1

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foodborne illness - Madagascar: (AS) fatal, toxic sardines

Food-related toxin -- Madagascar


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Recalls: Plastic, norovirus and wood

Recalls and alerts were made by UK, US, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Germany and Austria.

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Wednesday 13 December 2017

PRO/PL> Undiagnosed rot, ginger - Bhutan: (GE)

Undiagnosed -- Bhutan
[A farmer who] grew ginger in [the district of] Sarpang [Geylegphug] [said] when she harvested, "The ginger rotted in the field." Many farmers say the rotting disease affected their cash crop.
They say they could not report to agriculture officials, as the disease occurred when it was harvest time. [They] said agriculture officials provided them pesticides when they reported the matter a few years ago.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[Rhizome rots of ginger (often associated with

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PRO/AH/EDR> Plague - USA (14): (CA) bear, exposure

Plague -- United States
Two black bears exposed to the plague were found in Paradise, according to the California Department of Public Health. The department collected blood in September [2017] from 2 bears killed under depredation permits, and the samples tested positive for antibodies to _Yersinia pestis_, the bacterium that causes plague.
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife issued the depredation permits. Tanya Espinosa, spokesperson for U.S. Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health

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PRO/EDR> Measles update (57): South America, Europe

Measles -- Venezuela
[1] Venezuela
Europe
-------
[2] European Union
[3] Greece
[4] Russia
[5] United Kingdom (Surrey)
[6] United Kingdom
******
[1] Venezuela
Date: Wed 6 Dec 2017
Source: Outbreak News Today [edited]

In a follow-up to a report last month [November 2017], the measles situation in Venezuela, particularly Bolivar state, has grown to more than 400 confirmed cases.
According to recent data from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela

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PRO/EDR> Poliomyelitis update (41): Syria

Polio -- Syria
Key highlights
--------------
- A total of 4 new cases of cVDPV2 were reported this week; 3 cases from Mayadeen district and 1 case from Boukamal district, Deir ez-Zor governorate. The most recent case (by date of onset) is [21 Sep 2017] from Boukamal district.
- The total number of confirmed cVDPV2 cases is 74.
- Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) partners continue to support the Syrian Ministry of Health with planning for the second phase of the outbreak response.
- A new

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PRO/EDR> Diphtheria - Yemen (04): fatal

Diphtheria -- Yemen
Cases of cholera may have declined in Yemen, but the ongoing war and blockade are now creating a new threat to public health, as a suspected diphtheria outbreak takes hold.
By [4 Dec 2017], 318 suspected cases of diphtheria and 28 deaths had been reported in 15 of Yemen's 20 governorates. Half the suspected cases are children between the ages of 5 and 14, and nearly 95 percent of deaths are children under 15. Nearly 70 percent of all suspected cases are in Ibb governorate.
Diphtheria is

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Eight countries report almost 300 new cases in Salmonella outbreak

Cases in a multiyear and multi country outbreak of Salmonella in eggs linked to Poland have seen a new peak after control measures had led to a decline.

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E. coli O157 sickens 21 in Canada with link to romaine lettuce

More than 20 cases of E. coli O157 have been linked to romaine lettuce in Canada.

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Tuesday 12 December 2017

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (168): Asia, Europe, migratory birds, poultry, HPAI H5N6, research

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- Worldwide/Unknown


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PRO/AH/EDR> American foulbrood, apis - New Zealand

Other Animal Disease -- New Zealand
A Hawke's Bay beekeeper has warned the region may be on the verge of a "major" bee disease outbreak if appropriate action is not taken.
Hawke's Bay Hub of Apiculture New Zealand president John Berry said American Foulbrood, known as "AFB", was rampant this year [2017] and could devastate pollination in the region.
"It normally starts up with 1 or 2 infected cells and there are more than 2 billion spores in each cell. Each of those spores is capable of lasting 40 years so you can see why

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (167): Cambodia (KC) poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Cambodia
Information received on [and dated] 9 Dec 2017 from Dr Sen Sovann, OIE Delegate/Deputy Secretary General, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 22 Nov 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 6 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 31 Jan 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: highly pathogenic avian

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (38): (CA)

E. coli -- United States
The 13 and 9 year old sisters [from Clovis, Fresno county] were active and healthy kids with no medical history. Their parents thought it was a terrible case of the flu. Originally their pediatrician thought it was the norovirus. But after days of worsening symptoms, they were admitted to Valley Children's Hospital [in Madera county] with _E. coli_.
The 13-year-old is finally starting to improve after 16 days in the hospital. She's had more blood transfusions than she can count along with

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bluetongue - Europe (11): Turkey, ovine, caprine, serotypes 4, 16, OIE, RFI

Bluetongue -- Turkey
Information received on [and dated] 11 Dec 2017 from Dr Nihat Pakdil, Deputy Undersecretary of Ministry, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 25 Oct 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 8 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 30 Dec 2015
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Bluetongue

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - Canada (12) : O157, lettuce

E. coli -- Canada
Currently, there are 21 cases of _E. coli_ O157 illness under investigation in 3 provinces: Quebec (3), New Brunswick (5), and Newfoundland and Labrador (13). Individuals became sick in November 2017. 10 individuals have been hospitalized. No deaths have been reported. Individuals who became ill are between the ages of 5 and 72 years of age. The majority of cases (71 percent) are female.
Many individuals who became sick reported eating romaine lettuce before their illnesses occurred. The

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (166): Netherlands (FL) poultry, HPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- Netherlands
Information received on [and dated] 10 Dec 2017 from Dr Christianne Bruschke, chief veterinary officer, Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Hague, Netherlands
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 7 Dec 2017
Date of confirmation of the event: 8 Dec 2017
Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 16 May 2017
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

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PRO/EDR> Meningitis - Ghana (07): (AH) fatal, students, NOT, influenza H1N1, WHO

Influenza H1N1 -- Ghana
The Minister of Health and the WHO Representative held a press briefing to inform the public and provide updates on the outbreak.
The Ministry of Health deployed a multi-disciplinary rapid response team to Kumasi to conduct the outbreak investigation and support response actions. WHO provided technical and logistical support to the investigation mission.
Active surveillance has been enhanced: a case definition was developed and active case search is being done among students and staff at

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PRO/AH/EDR> Senecavirus A, swine - USA : warning

Other Animal Disease -- United States
Pipestone System [sow management company] reports common clinical signs associated with vesicular diseases like SVA include:
- open or closed blisters located on the snout and/or at the junction where the skin and the hoof wall meet (coronary band);
- sudden lameness with redness and swelling at or around the coronary band. Some cases have reported up to 50 percent of the population being affected at one time.
- Pigs that are suddenly off feed, lethargic, and/or have a fever up to 105 deg F

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PRO/AH/EDR> Yellow fever - Americas (65): Brazil (SP,RS) RFI

Yellow Fever -- Brazil
This [Thu 7 Dec 2017] Jundiaí registered its 1st case of suspected human yellow fever. According to the Health Management and Promotion Unit, the patient is a 55-year-old man, resident of the Ivoturucaia neighborhood region. He is hospitalized since [29 Nov 2017] in the intensive care unit of a private hospital in the city.
According to the Director of Epidemiological Surveillance, Fauzia Abul Abbas Raiza, the man was the only member of his family who had not been vaccinated against the

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Halt of decline in Salmonella cases is ‘reminder to stay vigilant’ - ECDC

Two EU agencies have warned against complacency when it comes to controlling Salmonella after figures show cases are no longer falling in Europe.

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Monday 11 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Hepatitis A - USA (59): (CA,MI,UT)

Hepatitis A -- United States
567 / 20 (3.5) / 382 (67.4)
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail Rapporteur Mary Marshall

[Cumulative case data
Report date / Cases / Hospitalized (percentage) / Deaths (percentage) / New cases per week
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 Apr 2017 / 39 / 33 (85) / 1 (3)
4 May 2017 / 80 / 66 (83) / 3 (4) / 10
31 May 2017 / 133 / 103 (80) / 3 (2) / 14
12 Jun 2017 / 160 / 120 (75) / 4 (2.5) / 18
27 Jun 2017 / 196 / 142 (72) / 4 (2) / 20
26

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PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV (75): Saudi Arabia (RI, JF, QS)

MERS -- Saudi Arabia
As of Mon 11 Dec 2017, there have been a total of:
1750 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including
708 deaths [reported case fatality rate 40.5 per cent],
1028 recoveries, and
14 currently active cases/infections.
[As previously mentioned, the numbers of deaths, recoveries, and currently active cases come from my spreadsheet tallies and differ from those listed on the Saudi MOH website; my spreadsheet counts asymptomatic infections as they are reported. One complication

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st Agona - France (03): infant formula, alert, global recall

Salmonella -- France
French baby milk formula maker Lactalis has ordered a global product recall over fears of salmonella contamination. Health authorities in France said 26 infants in the country have become sick since early December 2017. The recall affects products and exports to countries including Britain, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sudan. It covers hundreds of baby milk powder products marketed globally under the Milumel, Picot, and Celi brands.
Lactalis is one of the world's biggest dairy

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PRO/AH/EDR> Strangles, equine - USA (05): (FL) equine

Strangles -- United States
The number of cases of the bacterial equine infection, strangles, has reached 40 to date in 2017, according to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, with 5 recent cases reported.
As reported by the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC), the latest cases were reported from Manatee, Volusia, and Indian River counties. Here are the details:
On 4 Dec 2017 the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services confirmed 3 premises in Manatee County, Florida,

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PRO/EDR> Respiratory syncytial virus - Mexico: case surge

Respiratory Syncytial Virus -- Mexico
Cases of respiratory syncytial virus have increased by 900 percent so far this winter season [2017-18] in Mexico. According to the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), they have treated 100 people to date this season, whereas during the entire year last year [2016] they reported only 10 cases. The respiratory syncytial virus is the causative factor of diseases such as pneumonia
The INER indicated that they do not have accurate and precise statistics at the national level, but

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Four dead in Listeria outbreak ongoing since 2015

Four people have died in a multi-country Listeria outbreak, according to the ECDC.

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Sunday 10 December 2017

PRO/EDR> Meningitis - Ghana (06): (AH) fatal, H.S. students, influenza, RFI

Influenza H1N1 -- Ghana
Deaths at Kumasi Academy have been linked to spread of influenza. The health minister is calling for students to still stay on campus. It has emerged that the cause of mysterious deaths at the Kumasi Academy is due to type A influenza, the strain [that] causes the deadly swine flu.
Addressing the press in an emergency briefing, the health minister, Kwaku Agyeman-Manu, revealed that out of 44 cases reported, only 4 have died, bringing a total of 11 deaths in the year alone.
Samples of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Mycoplasma bovis, bovine - New Zealand (09): correction

Other Animal Disease -- New Zealand


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PRO/AH/EDR> Angiostrongylus vasorum, canine - UK: spread

Other Animal Disease -- United Kingdom
It has been confirmed that a dog has contracted lungworm in Plymouth.
A veterinary centre has confirmed that the parasitic worm, which is potentially fatal to canines if left undiagnosed, was picked up by vets at Elm Veterinary Group.
Posting on Facebook, the veterinary centre on Outland Road said: "We have had a confirmed case of lungworm there at Elm; please click on the link below to become lungworm aware."
Slugs and snails carry the lungworm larvae, and dogs can become infected

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