Monday 30 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis & other - India (19): (WB)

Japanese Encephalitis -- India
In a bid to stop the spread of Japanese encephalitis disease in Jalpaiguri, the district health department is all set to start an anti-encephalitis vaccination drive across the region from 30 Nov [2015]. The department aims to vaccinate 13 lakh [1 300 000] people across the district during the month-long campaign. The vaccination will be given to people within the ages of 15-65 years.
Notably, acute encephalitis or Japanese encephalitis disease have taken 30 lives in 2014 in Jalpaiguri

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Israel (03): (HZ) bovine, st O, spread

Foot and Mouth -- Israel
Late last week we received a notice of suspected foot and mouth disease (FMD) in a beef cattle herd grazing in the fenced pastures of Moshav Tzuriel, about 3 km southeast of Fassuta, where a previous FMD outbreak took place last week in a pig farm. The cattle herd numbers 90 cows, 2 bulls and 23 calves. There were 2 FMD-suspected animals: an adult cow with buccal lesions and a bull with slight lameness. From the collected samples, which were submitted to the FMD laboratory of the Kimron

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PRO/EDR> Scabies - Switzerland: (SG) asylum seekers

Scabies -- Switzerland
In a letter, the St. Gallen cantonal doctor Dr. Markus Betschart [appealed] to all doctors in the canton that when asylum seekers present with scabies and bacterial infections as skin problems they should be especially observed.
"GPs increasingly treat asylum seekers, and we want to make them aware of scabies and the treatment options," explained Betschart in his letter.
An accumulation of scabies was confirmed by GP Reto Gross, who regularly deals with refugees from the reception center

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (201): Canada (BC) HPAI H5N2, duck

Avian Influenza -- Canada
A case of the avian flu virus has been confirmed in the Fraser Valley [southwestern British Columbia, BC], after a duck was shot by a hunter earlier this week or on the weekend [21-24 Nov 2015].
Ray Nickels from the BC Poultry Association confirmed the presence of the H5N2 virus, but says there's little to fear.
"There's no human risk here at all, it has to do with our industry concerns and about our bird health, but it is very dangerous for poultry flocks."
Nickels says birds like

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Sunday 29 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (200): Ghana, poultry, HPAI H5N1, update

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Ghana
Further outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza have been found in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.
There were 176 cases across the 2 outbreaks, which happened on a farm in Trebakope and in Damfa Zongo village birds.
Free ranging birds of various species and various ages, including local fowl, exotic and crosses, turkeys and ducks, were affected in the village outbreak. On the farm, old white layers, pullets, and cockerels in deep litter were affected. Over 3500 birds were

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PRO/AH/EDR> Enzootic bovine leukosis - Canada

Other Animal Disease -- Canada
Infection rates for bovine leukosis, which can cause cancer in cattle, are growing.
"(Producers) should be worried, and they should do something about it because, as I said, the prevalence is high," said Omid Nekouei, a PhD candidate of veterinary epidemiology at the Atlantic Veterinary College.
Nekouei, who is working on a thesis study on bovine leukosis, said he has found that the number of dairy cattle with the disease has increased in the last 15 to 20 years. Bovine leukosis is a

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Saturday 28 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Brucellosis - Bulgaria (05): melitensis, livestock, spread, RFI

Brucellosis -- Bulgaria
Two new brucellosis outbreaks have been registered recently in Bulgaria, in the village of Kochan, district of Blagoevgrad, and in the town of Knezha, district of Pleven, the Bulgarian Food Safety Agency announced.
22 small ruminants tested positive for the disease in Kochan as well as 6 head of cattle in Knezha. A ban has been introduced on the movement of animals to and from the populated places. The infected animals will be euthanised.
The authorities continue to monitor the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (199): Viet Nam, poultry, (HT) H5N1, (QG) H5N6, spread

Avian Influenza H5N6, Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Vietnam
There have been 2 outbreaks of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Central Viet Nam.
Both the outbreaks occurred in backyard poultry in Quang Ngai province, causing 824 deaths. Another 861 birds were destroyed.
One outbreak of the highly pathogenic H5N1 version of the disease has also been reported in backyard poultry in Ha Tinh province. That outbreak caused 100 deaths, and 549 birds were destroyed.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[1. The mentioned HPAI H5N6 outbreak in

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (130): Liberia, susp. NGO, vaccine

Ebola -- Liberia
25 Nov 2015 (published online): Ebola: lessons learned and future challenges for Europe
[Summary. The Ebola virus epidemic has topped media and political agendas for months; several countries in West Africa have faced the worst Ebola epidemic in history. At the beginning of the disease outbreak, European Union (EU) policies were notably absent regarding how to respond to the crisis. Although the epidemic is now receding from public view, this crisis has undoubtedly changed the European

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - Sudan: (ND) IDP camp

Leishmaniasis -- Sudan
The displaced of camp Zamzam, south of El Fasher, capital of North Darfur, complain of an increase in those suffering from kala-azar* disease in the last 5 years. An activist told to Radio Dabanga that the rate of infection has risen from 150 cases in 2010 to 1800 in 2015.
He highlighted the death of a number of patients. He attributed the increase to the halt in spraying operations that used to be carried out by organisations, lack of care for the environment health, a lack of mosquito

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PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis & other - India (18): (UP)

Japanese Encephalitis -- India
With the death of one more child the death toll owing to dreaded disease encephalitis [in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh] has reached 394.
Medical college sources said that the child who succumbed to the dreaded disease hailed from Kushinagar district. The treatment of 47 patients was underway at the Baba Raghav Das Medical College [in Gorakhpur]. Since January [2015], 1658 patients were admitted to the hospital and 394 of them have died.
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[This report gives

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Friday 27 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed die-off, whale - Chile (02): RFI

Animal Die-off -- Chile
During a research mission, flying over a remote fjord in Chile's Patagonia, scientists came across a startling discovery -- 337 dead whales. Tragic and shocking, the event went down as the largest stranding known to science.
The discovery was made by scientist Carolina Simon Gustein and her colleagues from the Universidad de Chile and Consejo de Monumentos Nacionales in Santiago on [23 Jun 2015]. And because the region is so remote and has such wild seas, on this specific voyage, they were

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus - Americas (02)

Zika virus -- El Salvador


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PRO/AH/EDR> Scrub typhus - Nepal (03): (NA)

Scrub Typhus -- Nepal


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PRO/AH/EDR> Bluetongue - Europe (19): France st 8, multiple (7) countries st 4, update

Bluetongue -- France
Further outbreaks of bluetongue have been reported around Europe in the past week. [In France, serotype 8; elsewhere, serotype 4.]
The disease was only detected in cattle; one of the outbreaks occurred on a mixed goat and cattle farm [see further -- Romania].
Five new outbreaks were reported in France, located in the Puy-de-Dome region, all caused by BTV-8 [bluetongue virus serotype 8]. Out of 808 susceptible animals, there were 6 recorded cases.
In Slovenia, 2 cattle reacted

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PRO/AH/EDR> Hantavirus update - Americas (42): Chile (AR)

Hantavirus -- Chile
The Regional Ministerial Health Secretariat [SEREMI] confirmed a new case of [a] hantavirus [infection] in La Araucania region.
The case is a 44-year-old farmer from the Victoria community who presented with the 1st symptoms of the disease on 20 Nov [2015] and was hospitalized yesterday [25 Nov 2015] in the hospital of that community, where a rapid test to detect hantaviruses was positive. The man was then transported to the Higueras Hospital in Talcahuano.
Samples were sent to the

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Thursday 26 November 2015

PRO/EDR> Streptococcus, group A, scarlet fever - UK (04): (England) update

Scarlet Fever -- United Kingdom
Scarlet fever cases are on the rise again. While North East Lincolnshire has reported just 1 case this month, there has been a sharp rise across the country, prompting a warning to parents to be on the lookout for symptoms of the infection.
As reported earlier in 2015, figures show the Yorkshire and the Humber region, which includes the Grimsby area, had the highest number of cases of scarlet fever in England, with a 200 per cent rise in North East Lincolnshire.
Nationally, scarlet

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PRO/EDR> Hand, foot & mouth disease - China (05): (HK) update, school outbreaks, EV71

HFM-Enterovirus71 -- China
Hong Kong health officials announced today they are investigating a case of severe pediatric enterovirus (EV) 71 infection as well as an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) at a secondary school in Eastern District and urged the public to be vigilant against the disease.
The patient is a 13-year-old boy with good past health. He has presented with fever, sore throat, headache, neck stiffness and rash since 7 Nov 2015. He was taken to the Accident and Emergency Department of

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PRO/EDR> CCholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (39): Middle East (Iraq)

Cholera -- Iraq
The cholera outbreak in Iraq has continued to decline over the past 3 weeks with a few cases being reported from the affected districts or governorates. A total of 4858 laboratory-confirmed cases tested at provincial laboratories have been reported from the country, with 2 related deaths as of 17 Nov 2015.
Currently, 17 out of the 19 governorates in Iraq have reported laboratory-confirmed cases. The central public health laboratory has identified that the causative strain of this outbreak

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PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed illness - Indonesia (02): (PA) fatal, children, comment, RFI

Undiagnosed -- Indonesia
I expect you'll recall that the circumstances described by Erias [Mbuwa district, Papua Province, Indonesia chief Erias Gwijangge] are exactly what happened when Nipah first turned up in Malaysia in 1998 and Bangladesh in 2004.
In both instances, the combination of rainforest logging and drought drove fruit bats out of their favored forest habitat, into proximity to pigs, in order to feed on the fruit waste from village markets that forms a significant part of the diet of Southeast Asia

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - South Sudan (02): corr

Leishmaniasis -- South Sudan
Old data on leishmaniasis in South Sudan published as recent.
There was an error in [ProMED-mail post referenced above] on Kala Azar in South Sudan (copied below). The email includes information on Kala Azar in Lankien that was presented as having been current to Wed 28 Oct 2015] -- when in fact the data was a year old, published on [13 Oct 2014]. Dated MSF medical data was referenced in the email which is not accurate as a result.
"Meanwhile, the medical charity, Medecins Sans

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (26): O157, commercial chicken salad

E. coli -- United States
A state public health lab in Montana has resolved the Costco _E. coli_ [O157] outbreak: it's the produce. Craig Wilson, assistant food safety chief for Costco, said the strain of _E. coli_ that caused the outbreak was found in an onion and celery mix that was used in chicken salad.
"This is wonderful news," Wilson told The Oregonian/OregonLive. "I can't tell you how often we don't find these things."
The onion and celery mix was made by Taylor Farms in Salinas, California. Costco also

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (25): (NV) O157, dessert

E. coli -- United States
Following the recent news that a local _E. coli_ [O157] outbreak came from a dessert item made by restaurant Reno Provisions, owner Mark Estee released a personal statement on [Wed 25 Nov 2015]. Estee said that he and his employees were "deeply saddened" when they heard that the outbreak was connected to their chocolate mousse, citing that "our 1st and foremost concern is always the safety of our guests." He said that they will assist the affected families as they recover.
Estee also

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Turkey: st A Asia, genotype VII conf

Foot and Mouth -- Turkey
Serotype: A
WRLFMD Ref No: Van/TUR/203/2015
Batch No: WRLMEG/2015/00019
Location: Van, Turkey
Date collected: 2015
Date received by WRLFMD: 9 Nov 2015
Report date for this batch: 10 Nov 2015
1. Most closely related viruses:
Virus name // identity (percent) // Difference (percent) // topotype // strain
A/SAU/1/2015 // 98.28 // 1.72 // ASIA // genotype VII
A/SAU/2/2015 // 98.28 // 1.72 // ASIA // genotype VII
A/BAN/GA/Sa-197/2013 // 98.28 // 1.72 // ASIA // genotype

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PRO/EDR> Antibiotic resistance - UAE: panresist. K. pneum, mobile chrom. colistin-resist.

-- United Arab Emirates
Summary
-------
Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) pose an urgent risk to global human health. CRE that are non-susceptible to all commercially available antibiotics threaten to return us to the pre-antibiotic era. Using single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing we determined the complete genome of a pandrug-resistant _Klebsiella pneumoniae_ isolate, representing the 1st complete genome sequence of CRE resistant to all commercially available antibiotics. The precise location of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Eastern equine encephalitis - USA (20): (ME) human

Eastern Equine Encephalitis -- United States
A York County resident has died of eastern equine encephalitis [EEE], marking the 1st death from the rare mosquito-borne disease recorded in Maine, the state's Center for Disease Control and Prevention announced Tuesday [24 Nov 2015].
The person, whose name wasn't released but was described as being older than 65, died on [17 Oct 2015]. The person became ill with encephalitis in late September and was hospitalized in New Hampshire on [30 Sep 2015], the CDC said.
A preliminary test done

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus - Brazil (18): microcephaly, RFI

Zika virus -- Brazil
Up to 21 Nov 2015, 739 suspected cases of microcephaly were reported, identified in 160 municipalities in 9 states of Brazil, according to the 2nd edition of the epidemiological report on microcephaly, released on [Tue 24 Nov 2015]. The government continues to make every effort to monitor and investigate the increasing number of cases of microcephaly in the country as a priority.
Pernambuco state remains with the highest number of cases (487); it was the first to identify an increase of

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Wednesday 25 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Rubella - China (YN): last contact cleared

Rubella -- China
As the last remaining person with contact has been released from medical observation, the rubella outbreak in the combined primary-middle school of Dulongjiang Township in Gongshan Derung and Nu Autonomous County has been declared over.
Reports say that a total of 50 blood samples from ill and suspected cases were sent to Gongshan County Disease Control Center for testing. Of these, 15 were found positive for IgM-Ab.
From 24-28 Sep 2015, students and some faculty in Gongshan County

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (198): France (DD) backyard poultry, HPAI H5N1, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- France
Information received on [and dated] 25 Nov 2015 from Dr Loic Evain, Directeur General adjoint, CVO, Direction generale de l'alimentation, Ministere de l'Agriculture, de l'Agroalimentaire et de la Foret, Paris, France
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 14 Nov 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 24 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 2007
Manifestation of disease: Clinical

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PRO/AH/EDR> Lassa fever - Nigeria (09)

Lassa Fever -- Nigeria
Lassa fever case numbers as of week 44 [week ending 6 Nov 2015]
Numbers of cases in states reported / confirmed / deaths
Bauchi 3 / 3 / 1
Borno 7 / 0 / 0
Edo 218 / 8 / 5
FCT 1 / 0 / 0
Gombe 2 / 0 / 0
Kogi 2 / 0 / 0
Katsina 3 / 0 / 0
Kwara 2 / 0 / 0
Nasarawa 2 / 0 / 0
Ondo 2 / 2 / 0
Plateau 24 / 0 / 1
Taraba 4 / 0 / 0
Total 270 / 13 / 7
--
Communicated by:
Tayo Babalobi

[As noted in the comments in ProMED-mail archive no. http://bit.ly/1Ohq4ks:

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (129): Liberia, WHO update, ECDC update, susp. research

Ebola -- Liberia
An epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been ongoing in West Africa since December 2013, mainly affecting Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. On 8 Aug 2014, WHO declared the Ebola epidemic in West Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). As of 18 Nov 2015, WHO has reported 28 598 cases of Ebola virus disease related to the outbreak in West Africa, including 11 299 deaths [1]. The number of cases in the most affected countries peaked in autumn 2014 and has been

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus update: Guatemala, Mexico ex Colombia

Zika virus -- Guatemala
Health authorities have confirmed the 1st case of Zika virus [infection] in Guatemala.
In a press conference led by the Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance, they confirmed that the case was a man in the western province of Zecapa. Due to this case, an epidemiological alert has been declared in the entire Guatemalan territory.
The Technical Vice Minister of Health, German Acevedo, and the head of the Epidemiology Department, Loren Gobern, stated that the case was confirmed by

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (24): O157, commercial chicken salad

E. coli -- United States
The epidemiologic evidence available to investigators at this time suggests that rotisserie chicken salad made and sold in Costco stores is a likely source of this outbreak. The ongoing investigation has not identified what specific ingredient in the chicken salad is linked to illness.
State and local public health officials are interviewing ill people to obtain information about foods they might have eaten and other exposures in the week before their illness started. 14 (88 percent) of 16

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Maghreb (17): Morocco, bovine, st O, genotyped Ind-2001d

Foot and Mouth -- Morocco
The report addresses the following 3 genotyped samples from Morocco (all received at WRL on 12 Nov 2015):
WRLFMD Ref No // locality, region // collection date // species // topotype // strain
----------------------------------------------------------------------
O/MOR/1/2015 // Bouhmame village, Sidi Bennour province // 28 Oct 2015 // bovine // ME-SA // Ind-2001d
O/MOR/2/2015 // Bouhmame village, Sidi Bennour province // 28 Oct 2015 // bovine // ME-SA // Ind-2001d
O/MOR/3/2015 // Bouhmame

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PRO/EDR> Pertussis - Spain (02): (AN) infant fatalities

Whooping Cough -- Spain
The Regional Government of Andalusia confirmed yesterday 17 Nov 2015, the death of a child less than 2 months old in the Virgen del Rocio hospital in Seville, in September 2015, making it 2 dead girls in less than 3 months of age, after the death of a newborn baby of 18 days recorded in late October 2015 in Malaga. In both cases the mother of the children had not been vaccinated. In view of this case, Andalusian authorities have planned to include the vaccine for all pregnant women starting on

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PRO/AH/EDR> Undiagnosed illness - Indonesia: (PA) fatal, children, RFI

Undiagnosed -- Indonesia
A large number of children, many below the age of 7, have died of an unexplained disease in Mbuwa district, Nduga regency, Papua, following the start of the rainy season in early November [2015]. A medical team consisting of health workers from Nduga, Wamena, and Jayawijaya regencies arrived at the location but have yet to ascertain the cause of the deaths.
"As many as 41 children have died, as of today [24 Nov 2015]. They present with a slight illness at first but die shortly after these

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Tuesday 24 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Leprosy - USA (07): (FL) increased cases, susp. armadillo transmission, RFI

Leprosy -- United States
1. Sharma R, Singh P, Loughry WJ, et al: Zoonotic leprosy in the southeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015; 21(12) [date cited]; available at .
[Byline: Robert Herriman]
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail

[The study referred to in the news report above (reference 1 above) found that 10 Florida patients who were infected with the strain 3I-2-v15 resided in southern Florida, the only region where armadillos with this same unique _M. leprae_ genotype have been found (). It would

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bluetongue - Europe (18): Turkey (KU) ovine, st. 4, OIE

Bluetongue -- Turkey
Information received on [and dated] 24 Nov 2015 from Prof. Dr Irfan Erol, Director General of Food and Control, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 6 Oct 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 20 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 15 Dec 2014
Manifestation of disease: sub- clinical infection
Causal agent: bluetongue

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PRO/EDR> Chikungunya (34): Americas, Asia

Chikungunya -- Worldwide/Unknown
Cases by Country / Week / (Local Susp. / Local Conf. / Imported Conf.
/ Deaths
North America
Mexico / week 45 [week ending 13 Nov 2015] / 0 / 9952 / 20 / 0
USA / week 45 [week ending 13 Nov 2015] / 0 / 0 / 571 / 0
Central America (no recent reports)
---
Latin Caribbean
---
French Guiana / week 44 [week ending 6 Nov 2015] / 6930 / 1756 / 0 / 2
Guadeloupe / week 46 [week ending 20 Nov 2015] / 157 / 0 / 0 / 0
Puerto Rico / week 44 [week ending 6 Nov 2015] / 728 / 202 / 0 / 1
St.

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PRO/EDR> Dengue/DHF update (35): Americas, Asia, Africa

Dengue -- Worldwide/Unknown
Cases by Country / Week updated / Probable/Conf. / Virus type / DHF severe / Deaths
North America
United States / 42 [week ending 23 Oct 2015] / 428 / 428 / D? / 0 / 0
Central America and Mexico
Costa Rica / 42 [week ending 23 Oct 2015] / 8699 / 0 / D 1,2,3 / 6 / 0
El Salvador / 42 [week ending 23 Oct 2015] / 39 701 / 8795 / D? / 321 / 3
Guatemala / 42 [week ending 23 Oct 2015] / 14 687 / 824 / D 1,2,3,4 / 25 / 9
Honduras / 42 [week ending 23 Oct 2015] / 39 843 / 0 / D? / 863 /

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (23): O157, commercial chicken salad, RFI

E. coli -- United States
Utah public health officials are investigating after recent cases of _E. coli_ have been linked to chicken salad purchased at Costco.
So far, cases have been reported in 7 states, including 5 cases in Utah. Those sickened in Utah are between the ages of 9 and 84 and include 3 women and 2 men. Two people in Utah have been hospitalized; no deaths have been reported. The cases in Utah were reported from 17 to 30 Oct 2015.
The Utah Department of Health is working with health partners,

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (197): China (HK) wild bird, HPAI H5N6, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N6 -- China
Information received on [and dated] 24 Nov 2015 from Dr Thomas Sit, Chief Veterinary Officer/Assistant Director (Inspection & Quarantine), Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, Hong Kong, (SAR-PRC)
Summary
Report type: Immediate notification (Final report)
Date of start of the event: 17 Nov 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 23 Nov 2015
Date event resolved: 17 Nov 2013
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Turkey (03): bovine, new strain, st. A, spread, OIE, RFI

Foot and Mouth -- Turkey
Information received [and dated] on 23 Nov 2015 from Prof. Dr Irfan Erol, Director General of Food and Control, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Ankara, Turkey
Summary
Report type: Follow-up report No. 1
Date of start of the event: 29 Sep 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 5 Oct 2015
Report date: 23 Nov 2015
Date submitted to OIE: 23 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: New strain of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax, BioThrax, post-exposure vaccine - USA: FDA approval

Anthrax -- United States
The US Food and Drug Administration today [23 Nov 2015] approved a new indication for BioThrax (anthrax vaccine adsorbed) to prevent disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to _Bacillus anthracis_, the bacterium that causes anthrax disease. The vaccine's new use is approved for people 18 through 65 years of age in conjunction with recommended antibiotic treatment. BioThrax was initially approved by the FDA in 1970 for the prevention of anthrax disease in persons at high risk of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (127): China (GD) H7N9

Avian Influenza H7N9 -- China
The 1st human H7N9 case this winter [2015-16] was reported in south China's Guangdong province, the provincial health commission announced on [Tue 24 Nov 2015].
The case in Meizhou city was confirmed on [Mon 23 Nov 2015], Xinhua quoted Guangdong provincial health and family planning commission as saying.
The patient, a farmer in his 70s, is in hospital. The transmission is being investigated.
All poultry markets in the township suspended operation on [Mon 24 Nov 2015] for 1

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PRO/PL> Grapevine Pinot gris virus - USA: 1st rep (CA)

Other Plant Disease -- United States
A grapevine virus recognized in 2012 by Italian researchers, _Grapevine Pinot gris virus_ (GPGV), and associated with disease symptoms in [the grape variety] Pinot gris in Italy since 2003, was recently detected in California.
Agri-Analysis testing service tested 96 randomly selected samples that the lab already had in its possession. 7 vines tested positive for GPGV, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Chardonnay from 3 separate vineyards. This is believed to be the 1st

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Monday 23 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> West Nile virus - Tunisia: (TO) equine, 1st report, OIE

West Nile Virus -- Tunisia
Information received on [and dated] 23 Nov 2015 from Dr Malek Zrelli, Directeur General, Direction Generale des Services Veterinaires, Ministere de l'Agriculture, Tunis, Tunisia.
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 31 Oct 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 10 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: West Nile virus
Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratory

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PRO/AH/EDR> Influenza (53): Kuwait, H1N1

Influenza H1N1 -- Kuwait
Public schools in Kuwait have been put on alert after the discovery of 4 cases of the swine flu [H1N1; probably not truly a swine flu, see below - Mod.LM] at facilities in the Hawalli and Adeiliya areas, said Minister of Education Dr Bader Al Eisa on Thu [19 Nov 2015].
Those who contracted the disease are being given treatment, and the necessary precautions have been taken to prevent the spread of the disease, the minister told the Kuwait News Agency (Kuna). The cases were reported by the

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PRO> Leishmaniasis - Syria (02): (TD): government troops

Leishmaniasis -- Syria
Battling militants of the Islamic State (DAESH) near the ancient city of Palmyra (Tadmur), dozens of soldiers of the Syrian army were reportedly infected with skin diseases, a source close to the Syrian army reported.
"Dozens of Syrian troops have been infected with leishmaniasis, amid lack of treatment," the source told ARA News on the condition of anonymity.
"It is difficult to transfer those infected into medical centers in the regime-held areas due to their large numbers. They are

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PRO/EDR> Malaria - Greece: P. vivax, mass drug administration

Malaria -- Greece
Abstract
Greece was declared malaria-free in 1974 after a long antimalarial fight. In 2011-2012, an outbreak of _P. vivax_ malaria was reported in Evrotas, an agricultural area in Southern Greece, where a large number of immigrants from endemic countries live and work.
A total of 46 locally acquired and 38 imported malaria cases were detected. Despite a significant decrease of the number of malaria cases in 2012, a mass drug administration (MDA) program was considered as an additional

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leishmaniasis, visceral - East Africa

Leishmaniasis -- Worldwide/Unknown
Visceral leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, is the most deadly parasitic disease after malaria. It affects poor people in arid and semi-arid regions.
Eastern Africa is the most affected in Africa, with an estimated 29 000 to 56 000 cases every year.
Like all neglected diseases, kala-azar affects mainly the poorest populations that have little or no purchasing power. These population groups are usually overlooked and often do not have access to life-saving

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PRO/EDR> Malaria - Sudan (02): (SF) IDP camp

Malaria -- Sudan


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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Israel (02): (HZ) porcine, OIE, st O

Foot and Mouth -- Israel
Information received on [and dated] 22 Nov 2015 from Dr Nadav Galon, Director, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan, Israel
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 13 Nov 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 21 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 3 Feb 2014
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth

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Sunday 22 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Brucellosis, bovine - USA: (WY)

Brucellosis -- United States
Wyoming State Veterinarian Dr. Jim Logan has been notified that cultures are positive for field strain _Brucella abortus_ (brucellosis) on a cow from one Park County cattle herd. Results were received on 19 Nov 2015 from the Wyoming State Veterinary Laboratory in Laramie, Wyoming.
Dr. Logan, with the concurrence of USDA-APHIS, has designated the herd from which the reactor cow originated as "brucellosis affected" as of today [22 Nov 2015].
One cow that originated from a herd within

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Israel: (HZ) porcine, st. pending, RFI

Foot and Mouth -- Israel
I hereby inform you about the appearance of foot-and-mouth disease in a pig farm near Fasuta, Upper/Western Galilee, located approximately 4 km northeast of Ma'alot Tarshiha and at a distance of about 4 km from the Lebanese border. This is a relatively isolated holding which includes over 2200 pigs, of which 250 are sows.
The clinical findings, seen in one group of the sows, included blisters and erosions on the muzzle, tongue, gums, lips, teats and hooves. About 120 out of the 150 present

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (22): (NV) O157, dessert

E. coli -- United States
An _E. coli_ outbreak that sickened nearly 2 dozen people and prompted a restaurant in south Reno to voluntarily close has been linked to a dessert food manufactured, sold, and distributed by Reno Provisions, the Washoe County Health District announced Friday afternoon, 20 Nov 2015.
"Our epidemiologists and environmental health staff have identified a dessert that was prepared by Reno Provisions," Washoe County District Health Officer Kevin Dick said in a news release. "Several people who

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PRO/AH/EDR> Salmonellosis, st. Poona - USA (08): Mexican cucumbers, fatal

Salmonella -- United States
3 Sep 2015 / 285 / 27 / -- / 1
8 Sep 2015 / 341 / 30 / 56 / 2
15 Sep 2015 / 418 / 31 / 77 / 2
21 Sep 2015 / 558 / 33 / 140 / 3
28 Sep 2015 / 671 / 34 / 113 / 3
5 Oct 2015 / 732 / 35 / 61 / 4
13 Oct 2015 / 767 / 36 / 35 / 4
18 Nov 2015 / 838 / 38 / 71 / 4
- Mod.LL
A HealthMap/ProMED-mail map can be accessed at: .]
[See Also:
Salmonellosis, multiple serotypes - USA: pet turtles http://bit.ly/1I4VWYo
Salmonellosis, st Poona - USA (07): Mexican cucumbers, fatal

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PRO/AH/EDR> E. coli EHEC - USA (21): O26, restaurant chain

E. coli -- United States
CDC, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and public health officials in several states are investigating an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing _E. coli_ O26 infections.
The epidemiologic evidence available to investigators at this time suggests that a meal item or ingredient served at Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurants in several states is a likely source of this outbreak. The investigation has not identified what specific food is linked to illness. Chipotle Mexican Grill is assisting

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PRO/EDR> Cholera, diarrhea & dysentery update (38): Americas

Cholera -- Haiti
The Ministry of Health confirmed today [18 Nov 2015] 3 cholera cases in the province of Pedernales, where it had reported several suspected cases of this disease. Deputy of Collective Health Nelson Rodriguez Monegro said people reported episodes of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) in Pedernales.
So far, only 3 tested positive for cholera, and no deaths have been reported from the disease on the Dominican side following the outbreak of the disease detected in Haiti. Through a statement, the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Antibiotic resistance - China: colistin, plasmid-encoded, humans, animals

Antibiotic resistance -- China
Summary
------------
Background
---------------
Until now, polymyxin resistance has involved chromosomal mutations but has never been reported via horizontal gene transfer. During a routine surveillance project on antimicrobial resistance in commensal _Escherichia coli_ from food animals in China, a major increase of colistin resistance was observed. When an _E. coli_ strain, SHP45, possessing colistin resistance that could be transferred to another strain, was isolated from a pig, we

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (128): Liberia setback, vaccines, research, technology, funding

Ebola -- Liberia
18 Nov 2015: Study finds that Ebola vaccine is safe and stimulates strong immune response
[According to a study published in the latest issue of the journal Lancet Infectious Disease, a clinical trial of a new Ebola vaccine (ChAd3-EBO-Z) has found that it is well tolerated and stimulates strong immune responses in adults in Mali, West Africa and in the US. Larger trials, sponsored by GSK Biologicals, have already started.
The full reference is: MD Tapia, SO Sow, KE Lyke. Use of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Antimicrobial resistance - EU: ECDC report, 2014

Antibiotic resistance -- Worldwide/Unknown
Summary
------------
The results presented in this report are based on antimicrobial resistance data from invasive isolates reported to EARS-Net by 29 EU/EEA countries in 2015 (data referring to 2014), and on trend analyses of data reported by the participating countries for the period 2011-2014.
The antimicrobial resistance situation in Europe displays large variations depending on the bacterium, antimicrobial group and geographical region. For several antimicrobial group-bacterium

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PRO/AH> Botulism, avian - USA: (NY)

Botulism -- United States
The state Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) is investigating the deaths of wildlife caused by Type E botulism on the shores of Lake Ontario in Oswego, Jefferson and Wayne counties. DEC said it will be confirming with the state Department of Health that botulism was the cause of the deaths.
Botulism is caused by the toxin _Clostridium botulinum_, a bacterium that may grow in decomposing algae and other organic matter close to mussel beds.
Infected wildlife could threaten

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PRO/AH/EDR> Toxic algae - Australia: blue-green algae

Algae -- Australia


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PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (15): (WI) comment

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United States
You were concerned about compensation for the farmer in Wisconsin whose herd was depopulated after a doe tested positive for CWD. WDATCP does indeed provide indemnities for farmers for their animals following depopulation; in this case, it appears that it was provided with state funds. It would be nice if you could reflect this in an updated e-mail. I would recommend contacting Dr. Paul McGraw, the WI state veterinarian at WDATCP, if you would like more information about how indemnities work

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Saturday 21 November 2015

PRO/EDR> Measles update (42): Africa, Asia, vaccination

Measles -- DR Congo
[6,7] Worldwide vaccination
******
Africa
------
[1] Congo DR (Katanga province)
Date: Mon 16 Oct 2015
Source: Radio Okapi [in French, transl. Mod.LM, edited]

Ex-Katanga: 428 dead of measles since January 2015
-----------------------------------------------------
30 000 cases of measles were reported, of which there were 428 deaths since January 2015 in the province of the former Katanga. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) that delivered this

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PRO/EDR> Undiagnosed illness - India (04): (MH) RFI

Undiagnosed -- India
Doctors face 10 cases a day of patients displaying symptoms like chikungunya and dengue, but blood tests indicate new virus or dangerous mutation; PMC [Pune Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra state] roped in to take action.
With cases of body ache, joint pain and fever getting reported every day, most sufferers would believe they're carrying symptoms of dengue or chikungunya -- but now, a new conundrum has presented itself. Doctors are increasingly being exposed to cases of a virus that

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PRO/AH/EDR> Foot & mouth disease - Maghreb (16): Morocco (CS) st O, bovine, spread, OIE

Foot and Mouth -- Morocco
Foot & mouth disease, Morocco
----
Information received on [and dated] 20 Nov 2015 from Dr Abderrahman El Abrak, Director of Veterinary Services, National Office for Food safety (ONSSA), Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Rabat, Morocco
Summary
Report type: Follow-up report No. 2
Date of start of the event: 23 Oct 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 29 Oct 2015
Report date: 20 Nov 2015
Date submitted to OIE: 20 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus - Brazil (17): microcephaly

Zika virus -- Brazil
In a little over 3 months, in what has been an unprecedented outbreak, Brazil has registered 399 cases of newborn babies with microcephaly, a neurodevelopmental disorder that can lead to serious problems with child development.
The data was published on Tuesday (17 [Nov 2015]) by the Ministry of Health. The cases have affected 7 states: Pernambuco, Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, Piaui, Ceara and Bahia.
In a normal year, Brazil registers 100 to 120 cases of newborn babies with

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus - Colombia (08)

Zika virus -- Colombia
The Caldas Territorial Health Office reports that there are now 12 cases of Zika virus [infection] in the department. The Municipality with the most cases is Marmato.
To date 8 cases have been recorded in Marmato, 2 in La Dorada, 1 in Chinchina, and 1 in Riosucio.
Zika virus [infection] is [transmitted] by mosquito bite, and is caused by a virus classified as an arbovirus in the flavivirus genus, in which mosquitoes and tick [vectors] are a part [or transmission].
According the

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Friday 20 November 2015

PRO/EDR> Syphilis, gonococcal disease, chlamydia - USA: rising incidence, young, MSM

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis -- United States
Reported cases of 3 nationally notifiable STDs -- chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis -- have increased for the 1st time since 2006, according to data published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the 2014 STD Surveillance Report.
The approximately 1.4 million reported cases of chlamydia, a rate of 456.1 cases per 100 000 population, is up 2.8 percent since 2013. Rates of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis -- the most infectious stages of syphilis -- and gonorrhea

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PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (13): vaccine failure in elk

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United States
The [Wyoming, USA] state wildlife veterinarian told Wyoming Game and Fish commissioners that a vaccine to fight Chronic Wasting Disease appears to have failed in a test among live elk.
Dr. Mary Wood cautioned that her findings are preliminary, that they haven't been peer-reviewed or published, and that there is a hiccup in the study. Nevertheless, she said the live tests revealed a statistically significant difference showing the vaccine to be ineffective.
"We have not observed a

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bluetongue - Europe (17): Slovenia (PM) bovine, st pending, 1st rep, OIE

Bluetongue -- Slovenia
Information received on [and dated] 20 Nov 2015 from Mrs Simona Salamon, Head of Audit, Administration Directorate, Ministry of Agriculture, forestry and food, Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for food safety, veterinary sector and plant protection, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 11 Nov 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 18 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: 1st occurrence of a listed disease
Manifestation of

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PRO/AH/EDR> Rabies - Tunisia (05): (MH) human

Rabies -- Tunisia
The Health Ministry confirmed in a statement released Tue, 17 Nov 2015 the death from rabies of a 9-year-old child from the village of Borj Rass (province of Mahdia).
The Ministry said in its statement that the father of the victim went on [15 Nov 2015], in his son's company, to the emergency services of Mahdia hospital, where the medical staff suspected the presence of disease symptoms in the child. Even though the father denied his son had been bitten by a rabid animal, the doctors took a

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PRO/AH/EDR> Palm oil, toxic, canine - UK: (England)

Poisoning -- United Kingdom
Pet dogs are at risk from palm oil washed up on beaches on the Hampshire and Dorset coast [England], dog walking groups have warned.
New Forest Dog Owners' Group said it has been alerted to 5 reports of the substance between Hengistbury Head and Milford on Sea in the past fortnight.
Dogs are vulnerable to sickness if they eat the contaminated palm oil in solid form. Local councils said any sightings should be reported.
Dog owners have been told to keep their pets away from the white

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PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (13): (WY,WI)

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United States
The latest round of tests from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department's (WGFD) chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance program has found the disease in 3 new hunt areas, including a hunt area near Cody [Wyoming].
WGFD staff at the wildlife disease laboratory in Laramie confirmed the presence of CWD in a white-tailed buck from deer hunt area 112 southwest of Cody, in a bull elk from elk hunt area 12 northeast of Saratoga, and in a white-tailed doe in deer hunt area 171 north of Lander.

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus - Colombia (07)

Zika virus -- Colombia
The National Institute of Health (INS) stated that the cases of Zika virus infection in Colombia have now reached 393, of which more than 11 percent of the cases (44) are reported in Norte de Santander [department].
According to the Institute, most of those affected in the region are registered in Cucuta, with 16 cases, followed by the municipalities of El Zulia, Puerto Santander, San Cayetano, Tibu and Villa del Rosario.
"Following the confirmation of Zika virus circulation in the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (126): China (ZJ) H7N9 nosocomial transmission, susp

Avian Influenza H7N9 -- China
"Since the 1st notification in March 2013 through to 15 Oct 2015, a total of 679 laboratory confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H7N9) viruses, including 275 (40 percent) deaths, have been reported to the World Health Organization [1] These individuals have presumably contracted their infection in China directly from infected birds or their environment, particularly when visiting live poultry markets. Limited human-to-human transmission has been suspected in a few

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PRO/EDR> Tuberculosis, MDR - Papua New Guinea

Tuberculosis -- Papua New Guinea
The patient who was diagnosed with extensively drug resistant (XDR) tuberculosis [TB] in Daru, Western Highlands Province [Papua New Guinea], has died. This was confirmed by Western Provincial TB Health Physician, Dr Stenard Hiasihri. News of his death was shared in the Special Parliamentary Hearing into the health management of PNG [Papua New Guinea], this week in Port Moresby. "The patient died, because we had to wait for the medicine to come from overseas," Dr Hiasihri said.
Dr Hiasihri

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PRO/EDR> Pneumonia, cause unknown - South Korea (06): (SO) WHO, update

Pneumonia -- South Korea
On 29 Oct 2015, the National IHR Focal Point of the Republic of Korea notified WHO of a cluster of cases with respiratory symptoms in Seoul. Between [19 and 29 Oct 2015], 3 people who work in the same facility developed symptoms of pneumonia. From [22 to 24 Oct 2015], they were admitted to hospital. On [27 Oct 2015], the hospital isolated the patients and alerted local health authorities, which then informed the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC).
Additional

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Thursday 19 November 2015

PRO/AH/EDR> Rabbit hemorrhagic disease - Benin: domestic rabbit, OIE

Other Animal Disease -- Benin
Information received on [and dated] 18 Nov 2015 from Dr Byll Orou Kperou Gado, Directeur de l'Elevage, Direction de l'Elevage, Ministere de l'Agriculture, de l'Elevage et de la Peche, Cotonou, Benin
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 15 Jul 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 10 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 17 Aug 1995
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal agent:

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PRO/PL> Leaf blight, taro - Nigeria: (KT)

Other Plant Disease -- Nigeria
Cocoyam [taro] farming in Katsina State is gradually being phased out as agricultural research institutes are yet to provide the farmers with a solution to the leaf blight disease affecting the crop for about 5 years now [see ProMED-mail post http://bit.ly/1XcYANf]. Katsina, particularly its southern part, was a major producer of cocoyam which was transported to the north-eastern states and Niger Republic.
A farmer said, "With the growing devastation of the leaf blight

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PRO/AH/EDR> Anthrax - Bulgaria (09): (TU) bovine

Anthrax -- Bulgaria
The Food Safety Directorate in Targovishte [district], northeast Bulgaria, took the carcass of an anthrax-infected cow to an incinerator, where it was destroyed, the press centre of the Bulgarian Food Safety Agency announced.
A farmer slaughtered a cow that had been feeling unwell in a field. He then notified the official vet of the District Food Safety Directorate in Targovishte, who took samples to be tested for anthrax. The initial lab results confirmed the disease.
The place the

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PRO/EDR> Tuberculosis - India (05): MDR, children

Tuberculosis -- India
From 2 deaths every 3 minutes to having the highest tuberculosis burden in the world, most surveys related to TB in India throw a startling number. And here is one more: close to 9 percent of all paediatric tuberculosis patients are resistant to rifampicin, one of the 1st-line drugs used in the treatment of the infectious disease. This is 6 percent more than what was previously estimated, a study covering 4 metros in the country has found.
The project, initiated last year [2014] by the

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PRO/EDR> Tuberculosis - Kenya: MDR, increasing incidence

Tuberculosis -- Kenya
There are growing concerns over rising drug-resistant strains of the killer tuberculosis [TB] in the country [Kenya].
According to the Ministry of Health latest statistics, 305 cases of multi-drug resistant [MDR] TB have been reported in the country this year so far, the highest figure in the last ten years. In 2014, there were 283 cases; while in 2013, the number was 285. The statistics shows a trend in which the numbers of such cases have been increasing since 2006 when 82 cases were

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PRO/AH/EDR> Leprosy - USA (06): (Southeast) armadillo transmission, spread, RFI

Leprosy -- United States
1. Sharma R, Singh P, Loughry WJ, et al: Zoonotic leprosy in the southeastern United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015; 21(12) [date cited]; available at ].
--
Communicated by:
ProMED-mail from HealthMap Alerts

[Serological surveys conducted prior to 2005 on more than 5000 animals confirm that _M. leprae_ infection was present among armadillos primarily in Gulf Coast states west of the Mississippi River delta (Texas, Louisiana) and Arkansas and Mississippi (). In addition, a unique _M.

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PRO/PL> Brown rot, stone fruit - Australia: (SA, VI) alert

Other Plant Disease -- Australia
Stonefruit growers in Australia have been warned that the fungal disease brown rot could affect their orchards due to the recent humid weather.
Brown rot affects cherry, peach, apricot, and nectarine crops and costs the Victorian stonefruit industry an average of AUD 19 million [about USD 13.5 million] every year. The disease strikes stonefruit when wet weather occurs during flowering or pre-harvest, reducing fruit set and potential yield.
The Bureau of Meteorology issued a warning to

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Wednesday 18 November 2015

PRO/PL> Leaf mould, tomato - Switzerland: new strain

Other Plant Disease -- Switzerland
The drastic increase of tomato leaf mould in Switzerland during the last years is due to the emergence of a new race of the causative fungus. Race 2.9 can overcome resistance based on the Cf-9 gene, which is widely used in commercial tomato cultivars.
Leaf mould management is mainly based on use of resistant cultivars. But increasing incidence of the disease points towards failing host resistance in current tomato varieties, which is based on a single gene.
To confirm the presence of a

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PRO/AH/EDR> Ebola update (127): WHO, Guinea Ebola-free, vaccine, research, tech, funding

Ebola -- Guinea
Guinea reported no confirmed cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the week to 15 Nov [2015]. The most recent case from Guinea was reported on 29 Oct [2015]. That case is a child who was born in an Ebola treatment centre and who was delivered by medical staff wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE). As such, no contacts are associated with this case, and all contacts associated with previous cases have completed their 21-day follow-up period. A 2nd consecutive blood sample from the

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PRO/AH/EDR> Bluetongue - Europe (16): Austria, bovine, st. 4, OIE

Bluetongue -- Austria
Information received on [and dated] 18 Nov 2015 from Mr Dr Ulrich Herzog, Chief Veterinary Officer, Verbrauchergesundheit, Bundesministerium fur Gesundheit , VIENNE, Austria
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 13 Nov 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 17 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 31 Dec 2009
Manifestation of disease: Sub-clinical infection
Causal agent: Bluetongue

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PRO/AH/EDR> Mosquito virus - Australia

Other Animal Disease -- Australia
Scientists have discovered a virus carried by mosquitoes that could pave the way to eradicating mosquito-borne diseases such as Ross River virus, and potentially dengue fever. The virus, known as Parramatta River virus, was discovered in a joint research project by scientists at the University of Queensland (UQ) and the University of Sydney.
Dr Jody Hobson-Peters, from UQ's Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, said Parramatta River virus only infected mosquitoes and did not

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PRO/EDR> Malaria, P. knowlesi - Malaysia (03): (SA)

Malaria -- Malaysia
A new strain of malaria has been found to be spreading across northern Sabah.
Incidences of infections by the strain -- _Plasmodium knowlesi_ -- have increased alarmingly over the past decade and it is now the main cause of human malaria in the state.
A research programme called the Monkeybar project has started work to determine the spread of the new type of malaria by collecting blood samples from 10 000 people in 170 villages in the districts of Ranau, Pitas, Kota Marudu, Kudat, and

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PRO/EDR> Zika virus - Brazil (16): (PE) microcephaly cause undetermined

Zika virus -- Brazil
Because of the surprising increase in occurrences of babies born alive with microcephaly in Pernambuco, the state Secretariat of Health will issue a clinical protocol to be carried out by professionals in the area. Just this year [2015], 90 cases were registered. The annual mean is 9 [cases]. Most of these cases have been registered in the past 3 months.
Specialists from the Ministry of Health are investigating and interviewing the mothers of the patients.
Usually, in the majority of

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PRO/AH/EDR> MERS-CoV (157): a cautionary tale

Not Yet Classified -- Worldwide/Unknown


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PRO/AH/EDR> Snake fungal disease - USA (03): etiology, experimental evidence

Other Animal Disease -- United States
Researchers working for the U.S. Geological Survey have identified the fungal culprit behind an often deadly skin infection in snakes in the eastern U.S.
Published this week in mBio, an online open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology, the research shows that _Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola_ is the definitive cause of snake fungal disease (SFD), which will help researchers pinpoint why it is emerging as a threat to snake populations and how its impacts can be mitigated.
SFD

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PRO/AH/EDR> Plague - Madagascar (05): (IT) fatal

Plague -- Madagascar
Two people from 2 different municipalities of the Miarinarivo district died on 31 Oct 2015, reported Dr. Bruno Randrema Marcellin, communications manager of the Division of the Plague Ministry of Health yesterday, 11 Nov 2015.
"These individuals have died following a bubonic plague," he said. The cause of death has been confirmed by the Pasteur Institute of Madagascar, according to the report of the Ministry of Public Health. No other facts have been detected in these 2 municipalities to

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza, human (125): China (ZJ) H7N9, 4th wave H7N9

Avian Influenza H7N9 -- China
On 11 Nov 2015, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of 2 additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus.
Details of the cases
------
The 1st case is a 62-year-old female from Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province who developed symptoms on 1 Oct 2015. She visited a poultry market and raised poultry at home. The 2nd case is a 51-year-old female from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province who developed symptoms

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PRO/AH/EDR> Chronic wasting disease, cervid - USA (12): (WY)

Chronic Wasting Disease -- United States
The latest round of tests from the Wyoming Game and Fish Department's (WGFD) chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance program has found the disease in 3 new hunt areas, including a hunt area near Cody.
WGFD staff at the wildlife disease laboratory in Laramie confirmed the presence of CWD in a white-tailed buck from deer hunt area 112 southwest of Cody, in a bull elk from elk hunt area 12 northeast of Saratoga, and in a white-tailed doe in deer hunt area 171 north of Lander. Consistent

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PRO/AH/EDR> Avian influenza (196): Viet Nam (CM) poultry, HPAI H5N1, spread, OIE

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- Vietnam
Information received on [and dated] 17 Nov 2015 from Dr Dong Pham Van, director general, chief veterinary officer, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Summary
Report type: immediate notification
Date of start of the event: 7 Nov 2015
Date of confirmation of the event: 12 Nov 2015
Reason for notification: reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: 27 Oct 2015
Manifestation of disease: clinical disease
Causal

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PRO/EDR> Chikungunya (33): Americas, Asia

Chikungunya -- Guatemala
Cases by Country / Week / Local Susp. / Local Conf. / Imported Conf. / Deaths
North America
Mexico / week 44 [week ending 6 Nov 2015] / 0 / 9622 / 20 / 0
USA / week 44 [week ending 6 Nov 2015] / 0 / 0 / 567 / 0
Central America
---
Panama / week 42 [week ending 23 Oct 2015] / 123 / 25 / 17 / 0
Latin Caribbean
---
French Guiana / week 44 [week ending 6 Nov 2015] / 6930 / 1756 / 0 / 2
Puerto Rico / week 43 [week ending 30 Oct 2015] / 718 / 199 / 0 / 1
Non-Latin Caribbean (no new

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PRO/PL> Tomato ringspot virus, pomegranate - Italy ex USA

Other Plant Disease -- Italy
The NPPO [National Plant Protection Organisation] of Italy recently informed EPPO [European Plant Protection Organisation] of the detection of _Tomato ringspot virus_ (_Nepovirus_, ToRSV - EPPO A2 List) in _Punica granatum_ (pomegranate) trees. In 2012, the University of Bologna had imported cuttings of 126 cultivars of _P. granatum_ for fruit production and ornamental purposes from the USDA/ARS [Agricultural Research Service] clonal germplasm repository, California. This planting material was

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PRO/AH/EDR> Lumpy skin disease - Kenya: (NT) bovine

Lumpy Skin Disease -- Kenya
There is an ongoing outbreak of lumpy skin disease [LSD] in Chuka and the wider Meru region in Kenya. Several deaths of cattle have been confirmed. Exact numbers on morbidity and mortality are not available. The outbreak has been ongoing for about one month. The local veterinary office is undertaking ring vaccination.
For details on the disease, follow the link at .
--
Communicated by:
a correspondent who has requested anonymity
[The information above on LSD [lumpy skin disease] in

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PRO/EDR> Hand, foot & mouth disease - China (04): (HK) school outbreaks

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease -- China
The [Hong Kong] Centre for Health Protection (CHP) of the Department of Health is today [16 Nov 2015] investigating 3 outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) at 2 secondary schools in Wan Chai District and Central and Western District, and a kindergarten on Lamma Island, and hence appealed to the public to maintain strict personal and environmental hygiene.
The 1st case involved a secondary school in Wan Chai District affecting 19 male students and a staff member. The affected students,

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